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Question 1

Kant’s Universalisability

Answer 1

you should only act in a way whereby you would want everyone else in the world to act in the same way

Question 2

Kant’s Practical Imperative

Answer 2

never treat human beings as a means to an end (slavery)

Question 3

Kant’s Kingdom of Ends

Answer 3

To act as if you’re a member of a kingdom of perfectly, rational, law making moral beings.

Question 4

Kant’s three postulates

Answer 4

Freedom: the ability to choose otherwise.
Immortality: Eternal life after death
God: Divine being

Question 5

reason as to the three postulates

Answer 5

Immortality is the reward of virtue, and God is needed in order to judge whose virtue is worthy of that immortality.

Question 6

summum bonum

Answer 6

is a Latin expression meaning the highest or ultimate good. Many theologians believe God is summum bonum.

Question 7

Euthyphros Dilemma

Answer 7

is something good because God commands it, or does God command it because it is good? (Therefore relaying a message meaning hes not omnipotent)

Question 8

Benthams Hedonic Calculus

Answer 8

1. intensity, 2. duration, 3. certainty, 4. propinquity (how soon), 5. fecundity (repeatable), 6. purity (balance of pleasure over pain), 7. extent (extend to other people).

Question 9

Utilitarianism incompatible with Christianity

Answer 9

Bentham considered religion as an untrue irrelevance, inconsistent with Utilitarian moral decision-making.

Question 10

Utilitarianism compatible with Christianity

Answer 10

John Mill insisted that ‘In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. To do as you would be done by, and to love your neighbour as yourself, constitute the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality.’

Question 11

Virtue ethics - Golden mean theory

Answer 11

A coward would be a warrior who flees from the battlefield and a reckless warrior would charge at fifty enemy soldiers. Courage lies in the middle

Question 12

Descartes quote

Answer 12

“I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am”

Question 13

Christianity pacifism

Answer 13

some christians disagree with Jesus’ ‘turn the other cheek’ because its impractical and immoral, as it does not defend the innocent and allows evil to have its way.

Question 14

Faith over works - Abraham

Answer 14

God tested Abraham’s faith by commanding him to kill his only son, Isaac, and to place his body on an altar as a burnt-offering. When Abraham was on the point of killing Isaac, God stopped him because the root of Abraham’s obedience was his faith in God.

Question 15

Free will

Answer 15

we can only be morally good by ‘choosing’ the good, because if people do Gods work for fear of punishment, then they are not really making a free choice.

Question 16

Evangelical Protestants - bible

Answer 16

believe everything said in the bible is the truth

Question 17

Multicultural dilemma

Answer 17

humans have a strong psychological need for certainty. Religions are appealing because they offer absolute beliefs and moral principles. Therefore other religions contradict customary beliefs.

Question 18

The Resurrection of Jesus

Answer 18

The resurrection of Jesus forms the basis of Christian hope for a life after death. All Accounts of the resurrection were similar and all had the same information portrayed.

Question 19

Kantian ethics compatible with Christianity

Answer 19

Kant’s concept of the good will is compatible with Christian ideas about virtue, because the virtuous Christian man freely practises the good.

Question 20

Kantian ethics incompatible with Christianity

Answer 20

His system is based on Enlightenment ideas of reason and autonomy, and these are secular aims needing no religious support.

Question 21

Mary Warnock - Genetic engineering

Answer 21

whilst Christian ethical decisions are based on the teachings of their faith, they can only extend decisions to wider society if they can be justifed using reason and experience

Question 22

Genetic engineering example

Answer 22

genetically modified crops have been modified to be resistant to disease and insect attacks, and to produce a much higher yield.

Question 23

transhumans

Answer 23

genetically engineered humans who have advanced intellectual, physical and psychological powers.

Question 24

sanctity of life

Answer 24

To say that life has sanctity means that it is holy, or sacred to God. In Christianity, this is known as the Sanctity of Life Principle.

Question 25

Quality of Life Principle

Answer 25

Humans have a God-given right to autonomy (self-determination). A paitent who would rather die on life support is morally permissible upon consensus.

Question 26

strong sanctity of life principle

Answer 26

against all non-religious views that try and weaken the status of life.

Question 27

Sanctity of life principle issues

Answer 27

To say that humans are made in God’s image is not only anthropomorphism; it reinforces a patriarchal model of society in which women are not equal with men in their choices