media

Question 1

mass media

Answer 1

any form of communication that is able to reach a mass audience.

Question 2

authoritarian

Answer 2

favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.

Question 3

Indoctrination

Answer 3

the process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically.

Question 4

Cultural homogenization

Answer 4

the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only physical objects but customs, ideas, and values.

Question 5

Media democracy

Answer 5

the fact that “big corporations” do not own the Internet, the phrase represents freedom of access, voice, and opinion.

Question 6

media culture

Answer 6

describes the values, beliefs, norms, and ideals that are conveyed by the media.

Question 7

Two-step flow model

Answer 7

most people form their opinions under the influence of opinion leaders, who in turn are influenced by the mass media.

Question 8

Uses and gratifications model

Answer 8

is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs.

Question 9

Hypodermic model

Answer 9

is a model of communication suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.

Question 10

Reception theory

Answer 10

is a version of reader response literary theory that emphasizes each particular reader’s reception or interpretation in making meaning from a literary text.

Question 11

Hegemonic approach

Answer 11

staff have some independence, but support the dominant ideology by choice

Question 12

Pluralism

Answer 12

is a liberal theory which states that different social groups should respect and tolerate each other.

Question 13

Globalisation

Answer 13

the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange

Question 14

cocacolonization

Answer 14

the globalization of American culture pushed through popular American products such as soft drink maker Coca-Cola.

Question 15

Pluralists - media

Answer 15

argue there is no such thing as mass or popular culture. New media has led to an increase in consumer choice.

Question 16

Postmodernist - media

Answer 16

globalised media offers the world’s population more choices in terms of their consumption patterns and lifestyles.

Question 17

Old people stereotypes

Answer 17

Old men: wise, successful businessmen

Old women: fantasise being young

Question 18

Upper class representation

Answer 18

Neo-Marxists see the coverage of upper-class lifestyles as a way to promote the dominant ideology and legitimise existing inequality.

Question 19

Norm setting

Answer 19

1. Encouraging conformist behaviour
2. Discouraging non-conformist behaviour
3. Media representations

Question 20

Churnalism

Answer 20

Refers to the process of journalists uncritically churning out articles based on second-hand news reports, rather than doing research themselves.

Question 21

The new media

Answer 21

digital, screen-based technology used for the consumption and distribution of the new digitised media content.

Question 22

hypodermic syringe model

Answer 22

the media ‘injects’ messages and agendas into its audiences.

Question 23

Cultural effects model

Answer 23

marxist believe the media transmits capitalist norms and values through a slow drip drip effect.

Question 24

Effects of violence in the media

Answer 24

Imitation (copy violence), Catharsis (fantasise violence), Desensitisation (except violence), Sensitisation (fear violence)