Religious Studies TMA1

Question 1

Teleological argument

Answer 1

𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘰𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥, 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘶𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘢 𝘎𝘰𝘥.

Question 2

omnipotent

Answer 2

having unlimited power.

Question 3

omniscient

Answer 3

knowing everything.

Question 4

anthropomorphism

Answer 4

the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.

Question 5

Ontology

Answer 5

𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦, 𝘣𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺

Question 6

a priori

Answer 6

𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘳 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯.

Question 7

ontological argument

Answer 7

It is a conceptual truth that God is a being than which none greater can be imagined.

Question 8

Contingency

Answer 8

𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘯𝘦𝘪𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘦 𝘯𝘰𝘳 𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘧𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘦.

Question 9

doctrine

Answer 9

a set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group.

Question 10

Reductio ad absurdum

Answer 10

𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘱𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘶𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘢 𝘸𝘢𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘵 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘢𝘣𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘥

Question 11

empirical

Answer 11

𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘰𝘳 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘤.

Question 12

theism

Answer 12

𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘧 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘨𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘨𝘰𝘥𝘴, 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘦.

Question 13

a posteriori (ey pos-sterry-ohr-ahy)

Answer 13

knowledge derived from experience

Question 14

omnibenevolent

Answer 14

perfect or unlimited goodness.

Question 15

Dystheism

Answer 15

is the belief that God is not entirely good.

Question 16

theodicy

Answer 16

𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘺 𝘢 𝘨𝘰𝘰𝘥 𝘎𝘰𝘥 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘭

Question 17

vindication

Answer 17

𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘳 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦, 𝘰𝘳 𝘫𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥.

Question 18

credulity

Answer 18

a tendency to be too ready to believe that something is true.

Question 19

genetic fallacy

Answer 19

𝘈𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘮 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘪𝘯, 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘫𝘶𝘥𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘵 𝘣𝘺 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘴. “My parents told me that God exists, and they wouldn’t lie to me. Therefore, God exists.”

Question 20

Univocal

Answer 20

𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨; 𝘶𝘯𝘢𝘮𝘣𝘪𝘨𝘶𝘰𝘶𝘴.

Question 21

equivocal

Answer 21

open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.

Question 22

determinism

Answer 22

𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴, 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘪𝘤𝘦𝘴, 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘭𝘺 𝘦𝘹𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘴.

Question 23

Libertarianism

Answer 23

claims that free will exists, and humans are able to choose between two options and do not have a predetermined choice

Question 24

Compatibilism (soft determinism)

Answer 24

represent a middle ground, people do have a choice, but that choice is constrained by internal or external factors

Question 25

cognitivism

Answer 25

ethical sentences express objective propositions and therefore can only be true or false

Question 26

situation ethics

Answer 26

argues that ethical decisions should follow flexible guidelines rather than absolute rules.

Question 27

Virtue ethics

Answer 27

looks at the moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather than at ethical rules

Question 28

Natural moral law

Answer 28

is the belief that human beings have an innate power to undestand good and evil

Question 29

Fletchers four working principles

Answer 29

pragmatism(practicality), relativism(flexibility), positivism(faith in love), personalism (people before the law)