Socialization Flashcards
Socialization
The developing, inheriting, and spreading of norms, customs, and beliefs; the spreading of a culture
Agents of Socialization
What we use to spread around and teach culture; includes family, school, peers, and mass media
Cultural Transmission
The manner in which a society socializes
Cultural Diffusion
The spreading of norms, beliefs, and customs throughout that culture
Primary Socialization
Occurs during childhood; when we learn acceptable actions and actions through observational learning of parents and other adults
Secondary Socialization
Learning socially appropriate behavior through smaller sections of the larger society (typically for learning the rules of specific social environments)
Hidden Curriculum
An aspect of the school agent of socialization; the subtle teaching of behaviors that are deemed acceptable by teachers
Anticipatory Socialization
The preparation for future changes in occupation, living situation, or relationships
Resocialization
The process of discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones
Norms
Standards for behavior that are deemed acceptable within a group or society
Sanctions
Rewards or punishments for behaviors relating to these norms; used to maintain social control
Positive sanction
Reward for conforming to norms
Negative sanction
Punishment for not conforming to norms
Formal sanction
Officially recognized and enforced
Informal sanction
Unofficially recognized and does not result in specific punishments
Folkway
Common manners we are supposed to do on a daily basis; mildest type of norm
More
A norm based on a moral value or belief; widely observed and there is a strong reaction to violating mores
Laws
Norms that are based on morality but are written down and are have consistently enforced punishments
Taboos
Behaviors completely unacceptable or reprehensible; often punishable by law and much more severe than other types of norms
Deviance
The violation of a norm, rule, or expectation
Stigma
Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
Theory of Differential Behavior
Deviation is a learned behavior through interactions with others who violate norms; the degree of the deviation depends on the strength of bonds to those deviating and the strength of bonds to those who follow the norms
Labelling Theory of Deviance
A behavior is deviant if people have judged the behavior to be deviant. This label also affects the individuals, as they will internalize the label and be more likely to commit deviance later on
Primary Deviance
The engagement in the initial act of deviance; a label is not internalized
Secondary Deviance
The resulting (often larger and more serious) deviance that occurs from internalizing a deviant label after primary deviance
Strain Theory
Deviant behavior arises in an attempt to reach an otherwise unattainable cultural or societal goal; less-fortunate people will be deviant to “try and level the playing field”
Collective Behavior
An open, time-limited, large number of people that rapidly behave in ways that are not in line with societal norms; not considered a group, because there are limited social interactions and have loose norms; group dynamics usually apply
Fad
A collective behavior; characterized by the dramatically quick increase in popularity of something, reaching a large number of people, and then losing popularity just as quickly
Mass hysteria
A shared intense concern and unmanageable anxiety about threats to society; an irrational emotional reaction to threats
Riot
A large number of people who engage in chaotic, dangerous behavior, typically resulting from feelings of injustice or ignored needs
Imitation
A type of social influence where an individual copies the behaviors of another
