Socialization Flashcards

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1
Q

Socialization

A

The developing, inheriting, and spreading of norms, customs, and beliefs; the spreading of a culture

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2
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

What we use to spread around and teach culture; includes family, school, peers, and mass media

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3
Q

Cultural Transmission

A

The manner in which a society socializes

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4
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The spreading of norms, beliefs, and customs throughout that culture

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5
Q

Primary Socialization

A

Occurs during childhood; when we learn acceptable actions and actions through observational learning of parents and other adults

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6
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

Learning socially appropriate behavior through smaller sections of the larger society (typically for learning the rules of specific social environments)

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7
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

An aspect of the school agent of socialization; the subtle teaching of behaviors that are deemed acceptable by teachers

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8
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

The preparation for future changes in occupation, living situation, or relationships

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9
Q

Resocialization

A

The process of discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones

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10
Q

Norms

A

Standards for behavior that are deemed acceptable within a group or society

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11
Q

Sanctions

A

Rewards or punishments for behaviors relating to these norms; used to maintain social control

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12
Q

Positive sanction

A

Reward for conforming to norms

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13
Q

Negative sanction

A

Punishment for not conforming to norms

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14
Q

Formal sanction

A

Officially recognized and enforced

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15
Q

Informal sanction

A

Unofficially recognized and does not result in specific punishments

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16
Q

Folkway

A

Common manners we are supposed to do on a daily basis; mildest type of norm

17
Q

More

A

A norm based on a moral value or belief; widely observed and there is a strong reaction to violating mores

18
Q

Laws

A

Norms that are based on morality but are written down and are have consistently enforced punishments

19
Q

Taboos

A

Behaviors completely unacceptable or reprehensible; often punishable by law and much more severe than other types of norms

20
Q

Deviance

A

The violation of a norm, rule, or expectation

21
Q

Stigma

A

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

22
Q

Theory of Differential Behavior

A

Deviation is a learned behavior through interactions with others who violate norms; the degree of the deviation depends on the strength of bonds to those deviating and the strength of bonds to those who follow the norms

23
Q

Labelling Theory of Deviance

A

A behavior is deviant if people have judged the behavior to be deviant. This label also affects the individuals, as they will internalize the label and be more likely to commit deviance later on

24
Q

Primary Deviance

A

The engagement in the initial act of deviance; a label is not internalized

25
Q

Secondary Deviance

A

The resulting (often larger and more serious) deviance that occurs from internalizing a deviant label after primary deviance

26
Q

Strain Theory

A

Deviant behavior arises in an attempt to reach an otherwise unattainable cultural or societal goal; less-fortunate people will be deviant to “try and level the playing field”

27
Q

Collective Behavior

A

An open, time-limited, large number of people that rapidly behave in ways that are not in line with societal norms; not considered a group, because there are limited social interactions and have loose norms; group dynamics usually apply

28
Q

Fad

A

A collective behavior; characterized by the dramatically quick increase in popularity of something, reaching a large number of people, and then losing popularity just as quickly

29
Q

Mass hysteria

A

A shared intense concern and unmanageable anxiety about threats to society; an irrational emotional reaction to threats

30
Q

Riot

A

A large number of people who engage in chaotic, dangerous behavior, typically resulting from feelings of injustice or ignored needs

31
Q

Imitation

A

A type of social influence where an individual copies the behaviors of another