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MCAT Psych/Soc > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

The set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and different locations

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2
Q

Psychodynamic Theory of Personality

A

Personality is shaped by the unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires and past memories; driven by libido and death instinct

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3
Q

Libido

A

The motivation for growth, survival, and pleasure

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4
Q

Death instinct

A

Driving force for aggression fuelled by the unconscious wish to die

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5
Q

Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

A

Part of the psychodynamic perspective; personality is constructed by the interactions of the id, ego, and superego. They all interact with each other to make personality

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6
Q

Id

A

All of the basic, primal urges to survive and reproduce; operates on the pleasure principle (immediate gratification); entirely unconscious

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7
Q

Pleasure principle

A

The aim is to achieve gratification to relieve tension; wish fulfillment occurs through mental imagery

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8
Q

Ego (Freud)

A

Operates on the reality principle – postpones pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained (long term gratification); it receives its power from the id

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9
Q

Superego

A

The moral conscience; advocates for what is morally correct to do

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10
Q

Freudian Slip

A

A manifestation of a mental conflict between the id, ego, and superego that provides a window to the unconscious

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11
Q

Freudian Preconscious

A

Thought and cognition that we are not currently aware of

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12
Q

Freudian Unconscious

A

Thought and cognition that has been repressed

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13
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

The ego’s toolbox for relieving tension between the id and the superego

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14
Q

Repression

A

A defense mechanism – unconsciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

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15
Q

Suppression

A

A defense mechanism – consciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

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16
Q

Regression

A

A defense mechanism – reverting back to an earlier stage of Freudian development

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17
Q

Reaction Formation

A

A defense mechanism – transforming an unacceptable impulse into its opposite

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18
Q

Projection

A

A defense mechanism – attributing wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions onto someone or something else

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19
Q

Rationalization

A

A defense mechanism – Justifying actions, behaviors, or beliefs

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20
Q

Displacement

A

A defense mechanism – targetting your emotions onto someone or something else

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21
Q

Sublimation

A

A defense mechanism – transforming the unacceptable impulse into something more acceptable

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22
Q

Personal Unconscious

A

Carl Jung’s idea of Freud’s unconscious

23
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

A residue of experiences from our ancestors shared by all humans

24
Q

Archetype

A

Jung’s idea of images containing emotional elements

25
Q

Persona

A

An archetype of the personality that we present to the world

26
Q

Anima

A

Inappropriate feminine behaviors in males

27
Q

Animus

A

Inappropriate masculine behaviors in females

28
Q

Shadow archetype

A

The appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts

29
Q

Self

A

The point of intersection between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious mind

30
Q

Jung’s Three Dichotomies of Personality

A

Extraversion vs introversion
Sensing vs intuiting
Thinking vs Feeling

31
Q

Inferiority Complex

A

The sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority

32
Q

Creative Self

A

The force by which each person shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality

33
Q

Style of Life

A

Manifestation of creative self

34
Q

Fictional Finalism

A

Individuals are motivated by expectations of the future more than expectations of the past

35
Q

Object Relations Theory of Personality

A

The representation of parents and other caregivers based on experiences in early infance impact interactions with others into adulthood and affect personality

36
Q

Humanistic Theory of Personality

A

Humans are instinctively good and are all striving towards self-actualization; everyone has free will; focus on the conscious elements of personality as one strives for self-actualization and not the individual behaviors

37
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Taking a look at the holistic self during therapy

38
Q

Carl Roger’s Humanistic Theory of Personality

A

Growth towards self-actualization is nurtured when the individual is genuine and accepted (unconditional positive regard); there must be congruency between self-concept and actions

39
Q

Self Concept

A

A central point of Humanism Theory of Personality; the ideas and beliefs regarding one’s self

40
Q

Biological Theory of Personality

A

Major components of our personality are determined biologically or inherited through genes; dispositional approach

41
Q

Behaviorist Theory of Personality

A

Personality is the result of learned experiences from the environment. It is entirely deterministic; thoughts and feelings do not affect anything. It focuses on observable behaviors

42
Q

Trait Theory of Personality

A

A trait is a stable tendency or pattern towards a consistent behavior. These traits define our behavior

43
Q

PEN Model Trait Theory of Personality

A

Three overarching traits: psychoticism (nonconformity), extraversion, and neuroticism (emotional arousal under stress)

44
Q

Big Five Model of Personality

A

Five traits of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

45
Q

Factor Analysis

A

Statistical method to categorize personality into traits

46
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Traits around which a person organizes their life (Gordon Allport)

47
Q

Central traits

A

Major characteristics that are easy to infer

48
Q

Secondary traits

A

Characteristics that are limited in expression to certain situations

49
Q

Functional Autonomy

A

A behavior can continue despite satisfaction of the original drive that caused that behavior

50
Q

Observational Learning

A

We learn from the experience of others and shape our personality from there; supported by mirror neurons

51
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

Our behavior is shaped by our environment and how we interact with it as well

52
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Our thoughts, feelings, behavior, and environment all interact to determine our actions in a given situation

53
Q

Learning-Performing Distinction

A

One can learn a behavior without performing it

54
Q

Type Theory

A

Personalities can be divided into general types; Type A is compulsive and aggressive, while Type B is relaxed and laid-back

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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