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MCAT Psych/Soc > Drug Dependence > Flashcards

Drug Dependence Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

Drugs that have the potential to alter consciousness and mood

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2
Q

Depressant

A

Drugs that lower the body’s basic functions and neural activity

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3
Q

Alcohol

A

A depressant that is known to disrupt REM sleep and to cause slower thinking

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4
Q

Barbituates

A

Depressants that depress the Central Nervous System; are often used to induce sleep or calm anxiety

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5
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

A depressant that is used to induce sleep, calm anxiety, and reduce seizure intensity; increases the brain’s response to the neurotransmitter GABA. They are similar to barbituates but are less prone to overdose

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6
Q

Opiates

A

Natural drugs that depress the Central Nervous System; unlike depressants, they lead to euphoria and act on endorphins receptors. They are often used as pain killers and to treat anxiety

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7
Q

Opioids

A

Synthetic opiates with the same effects

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8
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that stimulate the Central Nervous System and raise/intensify the body’s basic functions and neural activity

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9
Q

Amphetamine

A

A stimulant that blocks the synaptic reuptake of serotonin and dopamine and promotes dopamine and norepinephrine release. It can increase heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

Cocaine

A

A stimulant that blocks the synaptic reuptake of dopamine and serotonin. It has anesthetic and vasoconstrictive properties

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11
Q

Ectasy

A

A drug that is simultaneously a stimulant and a hallucinogen. It increases dopamine and serotonin levels, activates the nervous system, and causes hallucinations and heightened sensations. It is a type of amphetamine

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12
Q

Hallucinogen

A

Drugs that cause hallucinations. They can be used for the treatment of PTSD

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13
Q

Hallucination

A

An altered perception including the distortion of reality and fantasy and enhancement of sensory experiences. They are not due to external stimuli

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14
Q

LSD

A

A hallucinogen that interferes with the serotonin receptor and causes visual hallucinations

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15
Q

Marijuana

A

A drug that has depressive, stimulative, and hallucinogenic properties. It can be used as a pain reliever but impairs motor coordination. It can heighten the sensations of taste, smell, and sound

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of body temperature, metabolism, and other conditions of the body

17
Q

How does tolerance occur?

A

When the brain suspects upcoming drug usage and responds appropriately to maintain homeostasis (ex. lowering heart rate before the usage of an opioid)

18
Q

Routes of Drug Entrance

A

Oral, Inhalation, Injection, transdermal, intramuscular

19
Q

Drug Reward Pathway of the Brain

A

Dopamine goes up and signals to amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Serotonin goes down, so it’s a cyclical process of wanting and doing more

20
Q

Tolerance

A

A substance-use disorder where the body is used to the drug so a higher dosage is needed to compensate for it

21
Q

Withdrawal

A

The period of not using a drug one is addicted to, marked by dopamine decrease. It comes in acute and post-acute stages

22
Q

Addiction

A

The state when one needs a drug to feel normal again

23
Q

Intoxication

A

The behavioral and psychological effects of a drug on a person

24
Q

Acute Withdrawal

A

The first few days or weeks after cessation of a drug; physical symptoms present

25
Q

Post-Acute Withdrawal

A

A rollercoaster of intense emotions or psychological symptoms that include mood swimgs, disturbed sleep, and low enthusiasm. It can last for about two years

26
Q

Substance-Induced Disorders

A

Disorders that are caused by a drug. This can include mood disorders, anxiety, insomnia, chronic hallucinations, etc.

27
Q

Substance-Use Disorders

A

The use of a drug causes severe impairments in one’s ability to function physically, socially, psychologically, or mentally in life

28
Q

Detoxification

A

A process of removing the addicting substance from the drug

29
Q

Inpatient Care

A

A patient is in the hospital being treated

30
Q

Outpatient Care

A

A patient can live at home and come in for treatment

31
Q

Relapse

A

Going back to using the drug

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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