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MCAT Psych/Soc > Sight (Vision) > Flashcards

Sight (Vision) Flashcards

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1
Q

Conjunctiva

A

The first layer of the eye that light hits

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2
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent thick sheet of tissue in the eye

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3
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Space filled with aqueous humor that puts pressure to maintain the shape of the eyeball

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4
Q

Pupil

A

The hole of the eye determined by the iris; determines eye color

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5
Q

Lens

A

Bends the light so that it goes to the back of the eyeball

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6
Q

Cilia Body

A

Secretes aqueous humor; consists of supersensory ligaments and ciliary muscle

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7
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

Space behind the ciliary muscle that is filled with aqueous humor

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8
Q

Vitreous Chamber

A

Filled with vitreous humor; provides pressure to the eyeball

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9
Q

Retina

A

The back of the eyeball; filled with photoreceptors

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10
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Specialized nerve cells located on the retina and capture light and convert it to neural impulses

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11
Q

Macula

A

A special part of the retina that is filled with cones

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12
Q

Fovea

A

A special part of the retina that is filled with rods; no cones. It is the center of the eyeball’s visual field.

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13
Q

Choroid

A

The pigmented vascular layer of blood vessels in the eye between the retina and the sclera

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14
Q

Sclera

A

The white of the eye that covers about 5/6th of the posterior eyeball. It is the attachment point for muscles

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15
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptors for night vision; capturing light turns it off and turns on a bipolar cell => turning on a retinal ganglion cell => optic nerve

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16
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors for color vision; almost all of them are centered in the fovea. There are three types: red, green, and blue

17
Q

Phototransduction Cascade

A

The process that turns rods and cones off

(Light hits retinal, which changes shape and changes the shape of rhodospin/photopsin. This frees transducin which binds to phosphodiesterase which changes cGMP to GMP, activating sodium channels). This turns on bipolar cells

18
Q

Differences between rods and cones

A
  1. 120M rods vs 6 million cones
  2. Rods concentrated in fovea vs cones in the preiphery
  3. Rods are 1000X more sensitive to light vs rods detect color
  4. Rods have slow recovery time; cones are fast
19
Q

Blind Spot

A

Where the optic nerve connects to the retina – no rods or cones

20
Q

Visual Field Processing in the Brain

A

The right eye goes to the left side of the brain and vice versa

21
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Simultaneous Processing of incoming stimuli that differ in quality – color, motion, size, etc.

22
Q

Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision

A

We have three types of cones: red, green, and blue. Mixing them gives us the different colors we see

23
Q

Opponent Process Theory of Color Vision

A

There are two pairs of two opposing colors: red/green and blue/yellow. In a given cone, only one can dominate at a time

24
Q

Photopic vision

A

Vision under well-lit conditions

25
Q

Mesopic vision

A

Vision under moderate light (dawn or dusk). Relies on both rods and cones

26
Q

Scotopic vision

A

Vision under very low light

27
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Where the optic nerves cross. This ensures that light hitting the nasal side of either eye is processed by the opposite side of the brain (temporal side of the eye does not have its input cross here)

28
Q

Feature Detection

A

When looking at an object, our brain breaks it down to color, form, and motion

29
Q

Parvocellular Pathway

A

Processing of spacial resolution (shape and boundaries) and color. Bad motion perception

30
Q

Mangocellular Pathway

A

High temporal resolution, can process motion

31
Q

Transmission

A

Electrical activation of one neuron by another

32
Q

Perception

A

Conscious sensory experience

33
Q

Processing

A

Neural transformation of multiple neural signals into perception

34
Q

Transduction

A

Transfer of energy from one form to another

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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