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MCAT Psych/Soc > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

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1
Q

Language

A

A system of human communication that is fundamental to the creation of communities

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2
Q

Phonology

A

The actual sounds of a language

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3
Q

Phonemes

A

Speech sound units in a language

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4
Q

Categorical perception

A

The ability to recognize when a small change in sound alters the meaning of what is being pronounced

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5
Q

Morphology

A

The structure of the words of the language

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6
Q

Morphemes

A

Building blocks of words

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7
Q

Semantics

A

The association of meaning with words

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8
Q

Syntax

A

The rules of putting words together to form sentences

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9
Q

Pragmatics

A

The dependence of a language on context and preexisting knowledge

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10
Q

Prosody

A

The rhythm, cadence, and influence of our voices

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11
Q

The dominant hemisphere for language

A

The left hemisphere (90% of people)

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12
Q

Broca’s Area

A

An area of the brain in the frontal lobe that controls the motor function of speech; it is connected to the motor cortex

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13
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

An area of the brain in the temporal love that controls the comprehension of language

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14
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

A bundle of axons that connect Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area and allow appropriate association between language comprehension and speech production

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15
Q

Aphasia

A

A disorder in language usage (general)

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16
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Disorder in speech production and the use of spoken language. Language comprehension is intact. Damage to Broca’s Area. (also known as Expressive Aphasia or Non-Fluent Aphasia)

17
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Disorder in speech comprehension, but speech production and fluency is maintained. Patients speak nonsensically but believe what they say makes sense. Damage to Wernicke’s Area. (also known as Receptive Aphasia or Fluent Aphasia

18
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Both Wernicke’s Area and Broca’s Area are damaged, so all aspects of language are impaired

19
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A

Damage to the arcuate fasciculus results in the inability to repeat things being said or respond appropriately in a conversation. (also known as Associative Aphasia)

20
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

21
Q

Anomia

A

Inability to name things

22
Q

Theory of Universal influence of language on cognition

A

The way people think completely influences language

23
Q

Piaget’s Theory of the influence of language on cognition

A

Children learn to think a certain way and then develop words to express these thoughts

24
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of the influence of language on cognition

A

Cognition and Language develop independently but converge over time

25
Q

Theory of Linguistic Relativity

A

The weaker form of Linguistic Determination; language influences the way we think and the context of everyday encounters

26
Q

Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis

A

The stronger form of Linguistic Determination; language completely determines thought. People understand the world through language, and language shapes how we experience and approach the world around us

27
Q

Nativist Theory of Language Development

A

Credited to Noam Chomsky; Humans have a language acquisition device that allows them to learn languages during a critical period. Language is an innate ability

28
Q

Language Aquisition Device

A

A theoretical pathway in the brain credited by nativists to help children absorb languages

29
Q

Transformational grammar

A

Different ways words and sentences can be transformed to convey the same meaning

30
Q

Learning Theory of Language Development

A

Credited to B.F. Skinner; Language is a behavior that is learned through operate conditioning and reinforcement

31
Q

Social Interactionist Theory of Language Development

A

Credited to Vygotsky; Biological and social factors need to interact in order for children to learn language; children’s desires to communicate with others motivates them to learn language

32
Q

Lexicon

A

A set of vocabulary items in a language

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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