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McK's Science Review > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

self disclosure

A

sharing one’s fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with nonjudgemental empathy

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2
Q

reciprocal liking

A

the phenomenon whereby people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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3
Q

proximity

A

plays a role in liking someone

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4
Q

mere exposure or familiarity effect

A

says that people prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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5
Q

amygdala

A

part of the brain responsible for associating stimuli and their corresponding rewards or punishments

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6
Q

cognitive neoassociation model

A

states that we are more likely to respond to other aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain

riots are more likely to occur on hot days than cool ones

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7
Q

secure attachment

A

when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing that he or she has a secure base to return to…having a secure attachment pattern is thought to be a vital aspect of a child’s social development

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8
Q

avoidant attachment

A

when the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child, given the choice

the child will show no preference between a stranger and the caregiver, they show little or no distress when the caregiver leaves and little or no relief when the caregiver returns

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9
Q

ambivalent attachment

A

occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully

child can’t rely on the caregiver’s response…child will be distressed when the caregiver leaves, but has a mixed response when the caregiver returns, often displaying ambivalence

also known as the anxious-ambivalent attachment

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10
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Children show no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behaviors

avoidance, resistance, seeming dazed, frozen or confused

often associated with erratic behavior and social withdrawal by the caregiver, may also flag for abuse

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11
Q

social support

A

perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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12
Q

emotional support

A

listening, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings

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13
Q

esteem support

A

similar to emotional support, but touches more on affirming the qualities and skills of a person

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14
Q

material support/tangible support

A

any type of financial or material contribution to another person

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15
Q

informational support

A

providing info that will help someone

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16
Q

network support

A

type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging

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17
Q

foraging

A

seeking out and eating food, driven by biological, psychological, and social influences

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18
Q

what controls the sensation of hunger?

A

hypothalamus

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19
Q

lateral hypothalamus

A

promotes hunger

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20
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus

A

responds to cues that we are full and promotes satiety

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21
Q

polyandry

A

female having exclusive relationships with multiple partners

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22
Q

mate choice/intersexual selection

A

selection of a mate based on attraction

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23
Q

mate bias

A

how choosy members of the species are while choosing a mate

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24
Q

direct benefits

A

providing material advantages, protection, or emotional support

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25
Q

indirect benefits

A

promoting better survival in offspring

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26
Q

5 Mechanisms of Mate Choice?

A
  1. Phenotypic benefits
  2. Sensory bias
  3. Fisherian or runaway selection–> positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that doesn’t impact survival is more exaggerated over time, like a peacock’s tail
  4. Indicator traits–> signal good health and well-being
  5. Genetic compatibility–> want good genetics if it you combine genes
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27
Q

altrusism

A

form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at cost to him or herself

28
Q

empathy

A

ability to experience the emotions of another

29
Q

empathy- altruism hypothesis

A

one individual helps another person when he or she feels empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost

30
Q

evolutionary stable strategy

A

ESS is adopted by a given population in a specific environment, natural selection will prevent alternative strategies from arising

31
Q

cooperation

A

both the donor and the recipient benefit from cooperating

32
Q

spite

A

both the donor and the recipient are negatively impacted

33
Q

selfishness

A

the donor benefits while the recipient is negatively impacted

34
Q

inclusive fitness

A

a measure of an organism’s success in the population…based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others

altruism or self sacrifice to protect offspring can improve the fitness and success of a species as a whole

35
Q

social perception/social cognition

A

provides the tools to make judgements and impressions regarding other people

36
Q

perceiver

A

person perceiving an event–> influenced by experience, motives, and emotional state

37
Q

target

A

refers to the person about which the perception is made

38
Q

primacy effect

A

idea that the first impression is often more important than subsequent impressions

39
Q

recency effect

A

sometimes the more recent impression/info can be more important in forming our impression of a person

40
Q

reliance on central traits

A

people form perceptions based on traits and personal characteristics of the target that are most relevant to the perceiver

41
Q

implicit personality thoery

A

categories we place other in during impression formation is based off implicit personality theory, there are assumptions people make about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related…making assumptions about people based on the category in which they are placed is known as stereotyping

42
Q

halo effect

A

a cognitive bias in which judgements about a specific aspect of an individual can be affect by one’s overall impression of the individual

43
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

people get what they deserve, karma, increases the likelihood that someone “blames the victim”

44
Q

self-serving bias/ self-serving attributional bias

A

refers to the fact that individuals will view their own success based on internal factors, while viewing failures based on external factors

depression has the opposite attribution/reversed attributional bias, attributing success to external factors and failures to self

45
Q

self-enhancement

A

focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of success and external attribution of failures

46
Q

attribution theory

A

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

47
Q

consistency cues

A

refer to the consistent behavior of a person over time, more regular the behavior, the more we associate that behavior with the motives of the person

48
Q

consensus cues

A

relate to the extent to which a person’s behavior differs from others, “matches others’ behavior”

49
Q

Distinctiveness cues

A

refers to the extent to which a person engages in similar behavior across a series of scenarios

50
Q

correspondent interference theory

A

when a person unexpectedly performs a behavior that helps or hurts us, we tend to explain the behavior by dispositional attribution

51
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

we are generally biased toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions, especially in negative contexts… assume someone is lazy or stupid over that they may have gotten ill or had a lot of other things going on

52
Q

attribute substitution

A

occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex, but instead they substitute a simpler solution or apply a heuristic

53
Q

stereotype content model

A

attempts to classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical in-group using two dimensions: warmth and competence

54
Q

paternalistic sterotypes

A

the group is looked down as inferior, dismissed, or ignored

55
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

stereotypes can lead to expectations of certain groups which create conditions that lead to confirmation of those expectations, a process referred to as “self-fulfilling prophecy”

56
Q

stereotype threat

A

the concept of people being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group, can reduce performance, lower one’s investment, etc.

57
Q

prejudice

A

defined as an irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing, prior to an actual experience with that entity

58
Q

propaganda

A

common way by which large organizations and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others

59
Q

power

A

ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacles and their ability to control resources

60
Q

prestige

A

level of respect shown to a person by others

61
Q

in group

A

social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging

62
Q

out group

A

social group with which an individual does not identify

63
Q

ethnocentrism

A

practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture

64
Q

cultural relativism

A

perception of another culture as different from one’s own, but with the recognition that the cultural values, mores, and rules of a culture fit into that culture itself

65
Q

discrimination

A

when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

individual–against one person
institutional- against a person by an entire institution

McK's Science Review (24 decks)

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