Identity and Personality Flashcards
self concept
internal list of answers of who am I?
self-schema
self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities
identity
the individual components of our self-concept related to the groups which we belong
gender identity
a person’s appraisal of him or herself on scales of masculinity and femininity
androgyny
the state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine
low scores on both femininity and masculinity?
undifferentiated
Theory of gender schema
holds that key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means
ethnic identity?
refers to one’s ethnic group, in which members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language
nationality
based off political borders, result of shared history, media, cuisine, and national symbols such as a country’s flag
hierarchy of salience
let the situation dictate which identity holds the most importance for us at any given moment
self-discrepancy theory
maintains that each of us has three selves- actual self, ought self, ideal self; the closer these are to one another, the higher our self-esteem or self-worth will be
actual self
the way we see ourselves as we currently are
ideal self
the person who we would like to be
ought self
our representation of the way others think we should be
self-efficacy
our belief in our ability to succeed
learned helplessness
a mental state in which an organism forced to bear aversive stimuli, or stimuli that are painful or otherwise unpleasant, becomes unable or unwilling to avoid subsequent encounters with those stimuli, even if they are “escapable,” presumably because it has learned that it cannot
locus of control
the way we characterize the influences in our lives
- internal LOC–> view themselves as controlling their own fate
- external LOC–> things happen to them
fixation
occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development
can lead to neurosis as an adult
oral stage
Freud- 0-1 year, gratification is obtained primarily through putting objects into the mouth, biting, and sucking (would likely exhibit excessive dependency); Freud- psychosexual development
anal stage
Freud- 1-3 years, libido is centered on the anus and gratification is gained through the elimination and retention of waste materials; fixation during this stage would result in excessive orderliness or sloppiness in the adult
phallic or Oedipal stage
Freud- 3-5 years, centers on the resolution fo the Oedipal conflict for male children or the analogous Electra conflict for female children, child has to de-eroticize or sublimate his libidinal energy, daughter has penis envy
latency
Freud- once the libido is sublimated, child enters latency, last until puberty is reached
