Social Stratification

Question 1

ascribed status

Answer 1

acquired via direct, individual efforts

Question 2

prestige

Answer 2

the amount of positive regard society has for a given person or idea

Question 3

power

Answer 3

the ability to affect others’ behavior through real or perceived rewards or punishments, based on unequal distribution of valued resources

Question 4

Marxist theory

Answer 4

proposes that the have-nots, called the proletariat, could overthrow the haves, called the bourgeoisie, as well entire capitalist economy by developing class consciousness

Question 5

class consciousness

Answer 5

refers to the organization of the working class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action

Question 6

false consciousness

Answer 6

a misperception of one’s actual position within a society

Question 7

anomie

Answer 7

lack of social norms or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

Question 8

strain theory

Answer 8

how anomic conditions can lead to deviance…excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation

Question 9

social capital

Answer 9

the investments people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards–> the greater the investment, the higher the level of social integration (peaceful movement into mainstream society) and inclusion

Question 10

privilege

Answer 10

inequality in opportunity

Question 11

cultural capital

Answer 11

the benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities, and skills

Question 12

strong ties

Answer 12

peer group and kinship contacts

Question 13

weak ties

Answer 13

social connections that are personally superficial, like associates

Question 14

intersectionality

Answer 14

compounding of disadvantage seen in individuals who belong to more than one oppressed group

Question 15

five ethnicities model

Answer 15

white, black, Asian, Latino, Native American

Question 16

social mobility

Answer 16

the result of an economic and occupational structure that allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities given proper credentials and experience requirements

Question 17

intragenerational

Answer 17

changes in social status that happen within a person’s lifetime

Question 18

intergenerational changes

Answer 18

changes that are from parents to children

Question 19

meritocracy

Answer 19

based on intellectual talent and achievement and is a means for a person to advance up the social ladder

Question 20

plutocracy

Answer 20

rule by the upper classes

Question 21

vertical mobility

Answer 21

movement from one social class to another

Question 22

horizontal mobility

Answer 22

a change in occupation or lifestyle that remains within the same social class

Question 23

social reproduction

Answer 23

social inequality is reproduced or passed on from on generation to the next

Question 24

structural poverty

Answer 24

based in the concept of “holes” in the structure of society rather than poverty due to the actions of the individual

Question 25

absolute level (poverty)

Answer 25

socioeconomic condition in which people do not have enough money or resources to maintain a quality of living that includes basic life necessities such as shelter, food, clothing, and water

also can have relative

Question 26

social exclusion

Answer 26

sense of powerlessness when poor individuals feel segregated and isolated from society

Question 27

spatial inequality

Answer 27

focuses on social stratification across territories and their populations

Question 28

suburbanization

Answer 28

the migration pattern of the middle classes to suburban communities, the suburbs have become more attractive as they are generally cleaner and less crowded, have lower crime rates, and often have better school systems

Question 29

urban decay

Answer 29

in which a previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes decrepit over time

Question 30

urban renewal

Answer 30

in which city land is reclaimed and renovated or public or private use….often fueled by gentrification

Question 31

world system theory

Answer 31

categorizes countries and emphasizes the inequalities of the division of labor at the global level

core nations–> focus on high skills and higher paying productions while exploiting
peripheral nations–> for their lower-skilled productions

semi- peripheral nations are midway between the two

Question 32

incidence

Answer 32

the number of new cases of an illness per population at risk

Question 33

prevalence

Answer 33

the number of cases of an illness overall per population in a given amount of time

Question 34

morbidity

Answer 34

the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

Question 35

mortality

Answer 35

refers to the deaths caused by a given disease

Question 36

second sickness

Answer 36

exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice

Question 37

medicare

Answer 37

cover patients over the age of 65

Question 38

medicaid

Answer 38

cover poor patients