Social Psychology

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of how we think bout , influence , & relate to one another

Question 2

Attribution theory

Answer 2

Tendency to give a casual explanation for someone behavior often by crediting either the situation or disposition

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

When explaining another behavior we tend to underestimate the impact of the situation & to overestimate the impact of person disposition

Question 4

Attitude

Answer 4

A set of beliefs & feelings

Question 5

Peripheral route persuasion

Answer 5

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues , such as a speakers attractiveness

Question 6

Central route percussion

Answer 6

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments & respond w favorable thoughts

Question 7

Foot in the door phenomenally

Answer 7

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later w a larger request

Question 8

Role

Answer 8

A set of expectations about a social position

Question 9

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 9

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Question 10

Normal social influence

Answer 10

Influence resulting from a person desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 11

Informational social influence

Answer 11

Influence resulting from one willingness to accept others opinions bout reality

Question 12

Social facilitation

Answer 12

Improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 13

Social loafing

Answer 13

People in groups exert less effort when working toward a common goal than working alone

Question 14

Deindividuation

Answer 14

The loss of self awareness & self restraint occurring in the group situations that foster arousal & anonymity

Question 15

Group polarization

Answer 15

The enhancement of a group prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 16

Groupthink

Answer 16

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

The enduring behaviors ideas , attitudes , values , & traditions shared by a group of people & transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 18

Norm

Answer 18

An understood rule for accepted & expected behavior

Norms prescribe “ proper “ behavior

Question 19

Prejudice

Answer 19

An justifiable & usually negative attitude toward a group & its members
Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs , negative feelings , & a predisposition to discriminatory action

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

A generalized ( sometimes accurate but often over generalized ) belief about a group of people

Question 21

Discrimination

Answer 21

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group & its members

Question 22

Just world phenomenon

Answer 22

The tendency for people to believe the world is just & that people therefore get what they deserve & deserve what they get

Question 23

Ingroup

Answer 23

” us “ people w whom we share a common identity

Question 24

Outgroup

Answer 24

“Them “ those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Question 25

In group bias

Answer 25

The tendency to favor our own group

Question 26

Scape goat theory

Answer 26

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 27

Other race effect

Answer 27

The tendency to recall faces of one own race more accurately than faces of other races Also called cross race effect or own race bias

Question 28

Aggression

Answer 28

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 29

Frustration aggression principle

Answer 29

The principle tht frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger , which can generate aggression

Question 30

Social script

Answer 30

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 31

Mere exposure effect

Answer 31

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 32

Passionate love

Answer 32

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another , usually present at the at the beginning of a love relationship

Question 33

Companionate love

Answer 33

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those w whom our lives are intertwined

Question 34

Equity

Answer 34

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 35

Self disclosure

Answer 35

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 36

Altruism

Answer 36

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 37

Bystander effect

Answer 37

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 38

Social exchange theory

Answer 38

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process , the aim of which is to maximize benefits & minimize costs

Question 39

Reciprocity norm

Answer 39

An expectation that people will help , not hurt , those who helped them

Question 40

Social responsibility norm

Answer 40

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

Question 41

Conflict

Answer 41

A perceived incompatibility actions , goals , or ideas

Question 42

Social trap

Answer 42

A situation in which the conflicting parties , by each rationally pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group , become caught In mutually destructive behavior

Question 43

Mirror image perceptions

Answer 43

Mutual views often held by conflicting people , as when each side sees itself as ethical & peaceful & views the other side as evil & aggressive

Question 44

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 44

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 45

Superordinate goals

Answer 45

Shared goals that overuse differences among people & require their cooperation

Question 46

GRIT

Answer 46

Graduated & reciprocated initiatives in tension - reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Question 47

Our behavior is affected by our

Answer 47

Inner attitudes & external social influences

Question 48

Two social influence

Answer 48

Normative & informational

Question 49

We tend to obey when

Answer 49

Authority Supported by institutes Depersonalization No role models for defiance

Question 50

What leads to conformity

Answer 50

Normative social influence

Question 51

What leads to norms

Answer 51

Informational social influence

Question 52

Social impairment

Answer 52

People tend to perform worse on difficult or new tasks in the presence of others