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AP Psych > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think bout , influence , & relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution theory

A

Tendency to give a casual explanation for someone behavior often by crediting either the situation or disposition

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

When explaining another behavior we tend to underestimate the impact of the situation & to overestimate the impact of person disposition

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4
Q

Attitude

A

A set of beliefs & feelings

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5
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues , such as a speakers attractiveness

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6
Q

Central route percussion

A

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments & respond w favorable thoughts

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7
Q

Foot in the door phenomenally

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later w a larger request

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8
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations about a social position

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9
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

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10
Q

Normal social influence

A

Influence resulting from a person desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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11
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from one willingness to accept others opinions bout reality

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12
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

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13
Q

Social loafing

A

People in groups exert less effort when working toward a common goal than working alone

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14
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of self awareness & self restraint occurring in the group situations that foster arousal & anonymity

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15
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a group prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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16
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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17
Q

Culture

A

The enduring behaviors ideas , attitudes , values , & traditions shared by a group of people & transmitted from one generation to the next

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18
Q

Norm

A

An understood rule for accepted & expected behavior

Norms prescribe “ proper “ behavior

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19
Q

Prejudice

A

An justifiable & usually negative attitude toward a group & its members
Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs , negative feelings , & a predisposition to discriminatory action

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20
Q

Stereotype

A

A generalized ( sometimes accurate but often over generalized ) belief about a group of people

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group & its members

22
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

The tendency for people to believe the world is just & that people therefore get what they deserve & deserve what they get

23
Q

Ingroup

A

” us “ people w whom we share a common identity

24
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them “ those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

25
Q

In group bias

A

The tendency to favor our own group

26
Q

Scape goat theory

A

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

27
Q

Other race effect

A

The tendency to recall faces of one own race more accurately than faces of other races
Also called cross race effect or own race bias

28
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

29
Q

Frustration aggression principle

A

The principle tht frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger , which can generate aggression

30
Q

Social script

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

31
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

32
Q

Passionate love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another , usually present at the at the beginning of a love relationship

33
Q

Companionate love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those w whom our lives are intertwined

34
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

35
Q

Self disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

36
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

37
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

38
Q

Social exchange theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process , the aim of which is to maximize benefits & minimize costs

39
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

An expectation that people will help , not hurt , those who helped them

40
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

41
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility actions , goals , or ideas

42
Q

Social trap

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties , by each rationally pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group , become caught In mutually destructive behavior

43
Q

Mirror image perceptions

A

Mutual views often held by conflicting people , as when each side sees itself as ethical & peaceful & views the other side as evil & aggressive

44
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

45
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that overuse differences among people & require their cooperation

46
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated & reciprocated initiatives in tension - reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

47
Q

Our behavior is affected by our

A

Inner attitudes & external social influences

48
Q

Two social influence

A

Normative & informational

49
Q

We tend to obey when

A

Authority
Supported by institutes
Depersonalization
No role models for defiance

50
Q

What leads to conformity

A

Normative social influence

51
Q

What leads to norms

A

Informational social influence

52
Q

Social impairment

A

People tend to perform worse on difficult or new tasks in the presence of others

AP Psych (17 decks)

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