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AP Psych > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves & our environment

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2
Q

REM Sleep

A 
Rapid eye movement 
A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur 
Paradoxical sleep
Muscles are relaxed 
Body systems are active
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3
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed ; awake state

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4
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic , natural loss of consciousness

As distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma , anesthesia , or hibernation

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5
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences

Seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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6
Q

Delta waves

A

The large , slow brain waves associated w deep sleep

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7
Q

NREM sleep

A

Non rapid eye movement sleep ; encompasses all sleep stages except for R.E.M. sleep

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8
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Causing overwhelming daytime tiredness

Emotions triggers

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9
Q

Sleep APNEA

A

Breathing repeatedly stops & starts

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10
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal & an appearance of being terrified ; union dreams , within two or three hours of falling asleep & aren’t remembered

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11
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images , emotions , & thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
Hallucinatory imagery
Discontinuities & incongruities

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12
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud

The remembered story line of a dream as distinct from its manifest

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13
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud , the underlying meaning of a dream

As distinct from its manifest

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14
Q

R.E.M. Bound

A

The tendency for R.E.M. Sleep to increase the following R.E.M. Sleep deprivation
Created by repeated awakening during R.E.M. Sleep

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15
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions , feelings , thighs , & behaviors

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16
Q

Posthypnotic suggestions

A

A suggestion made during a hypnosis session , to be carried out after the subject is no long hypnotized ; used by some clinicians to help undesired symptoms & behaviors

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17
Q

Dissociation

A

A split consciousness which allowed some thoughts & behaviors to occur w others

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18
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions & moods

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19
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect w regular use of the same dose of a drug , requiring the user to take larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

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20
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort & distress that follow discounting the use of addictive drug

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21
Q

Physical dependence

A

Must take the drug to avoid withdraw symptoms

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22
Q

Psychological dependence

A

A psychological need to use a drug , such as to relieve negative emotions

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23
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving & use , despite adverse consequences

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24
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce activity & slow body functions

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25
Q

Types of depressants

A

Alcohol
Barbiturates
Opiates

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26
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system , reducing anxiety but impairing memory & judgment

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27
Q

Opiates

A

Opium & its derivatives

They depress neural activity , temporarily lessening pain & anxiety

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28
Q

Types of opiates

A

Morphing

Heroine

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29
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity & speed up the body functions

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30
Q

Types of stimulants

A 
Caffeine
Nicotine 
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Ecstasy
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31
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity causing sped up body functions & associated energy & mood changes

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32
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A powerful addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system , w speed up body functions & associated energy & mood changes
Reduce baseline dopamine levels

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33
Q

Near death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush w death
Often similar to drug induced hallucinations
Cardiac arrest

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34
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana
Triggers a variety of effects
Including mild hallucinations

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35
Q

The powers of a hypnotist have over hypnotized subject ?

A

Doesn’t enhance recall of forgotten events
False memories
Cannot force people to act against their will , may perform unlikely acts
Can help relieve pain

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36
Q

Hypnotherapy

A

Aims to help people uncover problem causing thoughts & feelings to change an unwanted behavior

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37
Q

What is true bout daydreaming

A

It occurs bOut spontaneously

38
Q

Which states that consciousness occurs when one person suggest to another that certain thoughts or behaviors will occur

A

Hypnosis

39
Q

What is closely associated w the split in consciousness that allowed some thoughts & behaviors to occur simultaneously w other

A

Dissociation

40
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm
Causes pineal gland to adjust to melatonin production

41
Q

How do our biological rhythms influence our daily functioning

A

Our bodies have a clock

Circadian rhythm in our daily patterns of body temp , arousal , sleeping , & waking

42
Q

What can alter daily patterns

A

Age & experience

43
Q

How often do we cycle through the four stages

A

Every ninety minutes

44
Q

Stage one

A

First five to ten mins
Leaving alpha waves of the wake
Relaxed stage
Sensation of floating or falling

45
Q

Stage two

A

Spend most the time in
Lasting bout 20 mins
Sleep spindles

46
Q

Stage three

A

Lasting bout thirty mins
W large delta waves
Growth hormone
Immune system

47
Q

Where do most dreams occur in

A

The R.E.M. stage

Outward paralysis

48
Q

During a normal night sleep

A

NREM stage 3 sleep shortens & REM & NREM 2 sleep lengthens

49
Q

Sleep helps w

A

Restoring & repairing damaged neurons
Strengthen neural connections that building memories
Festive problem solving
Human growth gland

50
Q

What represents a circadian rhythm

A

Body temp rises each day as morning approaches

51
Q

In what state are you likely to experience hypnagogic sensations of falling

A

NREM 1

52
Q

What sleep theories emphasizes sleep role in restoring & repairing brain tissues

A

Recuperation

53
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

54
Q

How does sleep loss affect us

A

Causes us to be tired , irritability & impairs concentration , productivity & memory
Can lead to depression , obesity , joint pain , suppressed immune system & slowed performance

55
Q

Freud wish fulfillment

A

Dream provide a psychic safety value w mannifest content

56
Q

Info processing

A

Dreams help us sort out the days events & puts then in memory

57
Q

activation synthesis

A

The brain attempts to make sense of neural static by weaving it into a story line

58
Q

Cognitive development

A

Dreams reflect the dreamers level of development

59
Q

Effects of opiates are similar to

A

Endorphins

60
Q

Three major categories of drugs

A

Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens

61
Q

How long does the brain keep an accurate count of sleep debt for

A

A least two weeks

62
Q

Substance use disorder

A

Continued substance craving & use despite of life disruption & physical risk

63
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful & addictive stimulant

Producing alertness & euphoria

64
Q

Ecstasy

A

A synthetic stimulant & mild hallucinogen
Produces euphoria & social intimacy
Short health risks & longer serotonin producing neurons

65
Q

LSD

A

powerful hallucinogenic drug

66
Q

What do psychoactive drugs alter

A

Perceptions & moods

Can produce tolerance & withdrawl

67
Q

What is a drug that is an opiate

A

Heroine

68
Q

Non conscious

A

Body processes that we are not aware of ; but are active

69
Q

Preconscious

A

Info out of awareness : but memories are easily accessible

70
Q

Subconscious

A

Info out of awareness , memories aren’t easily accessible

71
Q

Unconscious

A

Info out of awareness : no actual memories may even exists , though behavior is affected

72
Q

Free running circadian rhythm

A

Experiments in when all environmental time cues are removed

No flow , light is controlled

73
Q

Jet lag

A

Crossing time zones disrupt circadian rhythms & produce fatigue

74
Q

NREM

A

Body restoration

Quiet , dreamless sleep

75
Q

R.E.M.

A

Mind restoration

76
Q

Pre sleep

A

Transition from wakefulness to sleep

Hypnagogic hallucinations & myoglobin jerks

77
Q

Sleep spindles

A

Quick bursts of brain activity that last for a sec

78
Q

Stage four

A

Slow delta waves
15 mins or more to regain consciousness
Sleep disorders

79
Q

Sleep bruxism

A

Grinding the teeth during sleep

80
Q

Enuresis

A

Nighttime loss of bladder control

81
Q

What waves when we’re stressed ?

A

Beta

82
Q

Waves in REM

A

Alpha & beta

83
Q

Big word for sleep walking

A

Somnambulism

84
Q

Nightmares

A

Occur toward mornings

REM sleep

85
Q

What’s more common : dreaming or sleep thinking ?

A

Sleep thinking

86
Q

Lucid dream

A

Act of consciously perceiving and recognizing that one is dreaming
Enabling more control of content

87
Q

Drug rebound effect

A

Withdrawal symptoms are opposite to drugs active

88
Q

Some states occur spontaneously

A

Daydreaming
Drowsiness
Dreaming

89
Q

Some are physiologically induced

A

Hallucinations
Orgasm
Food or oxygen

90
Q

Some are psychological induced

A

Sensory deprivation
Hypnosis
Meditation

91
Q

What can sleep deprivation lead to

A

REM rebound

92
Q

which of these drugs, which acts as both a stimulant and a hallucinogen, can also cause dangerous dehydration?

A

Ecstasy

AP Psych (17 decks)

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