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AP Psych > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves & our environment

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2
Q

REM Sleep

A 
Rapid eye movement 
A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur 
Paradoxical sleep
Muscles are relaxed 
Body systems are active
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3
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed ; awake state

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4
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic , natural loss of consciousness

As distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma , anesthesia , or hibernation

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5
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences

Seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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6
Q

Delta waves

A

The large , slow brain waves associated w deep sleep

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7
Q

NREM sleep

A

Non rapid eye movement sleep ; encompasses all sleep stages except for R.E.M. sleep

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8
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Causing overwhelming daytime tiredness

Emotions triggers

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9
Q

Sleep APNEA

A

Breathing repeatedly stops & starts

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10
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal & an appearance of being terrified ; union dreams , within two or three hours of falling asleep & aren’t remembered

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11
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images , emotions , & thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
Hallucinatory imagery
Discontinuities & incongruities

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12
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud

The remembered story line of a dream as distinct from its manifest

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13
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud , the underlying meaning of a dream

As distinct from its manifest

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14
Q

R.E.M. Bound

A

The tendency for R.E.M. Sleep to increase the following R.E.M. Sleep deprivation
Created by repeated awakening during R.E.M. Sleep

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15
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions , feelings , thighs , & behaviors

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16
Q

Posthypnotic suggestions

A

A suggestion made during a hypnosis session , to be carried out after the subject is no long hypnotized ; used by some clinicians to help undesired symptoms & behaviors

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17
Q

Dissociation

A

A split consciousness which allowed some thoughts & behaviors to occur w others

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18
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions & moods

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19
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect w regular use of the same dose of a drug , requiring the user to take larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

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20
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort & distress that follow discounting the use of addictive drug

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21
Q

Physical dependence

A

Must take the drug to avoid withdraw symptoms

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22
Q

Psychological dependence

A

A psychological need to use a drug , such as to relieve negative emotions

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23
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving & use , despite adverse consequences

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24
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce activity & slow body functions

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25
Types of depressants
Alcohol Barbiturates Opiates
26
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system , reducing anxiety but impairing memory & judgment
27
Opiates
Opium & its derivatives | They depress neural activity , temporarily lessening pain & anxiety
28
Types of opiates
Morphing | Heroine
29
Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity & speed up the body functions
30
Types of stimulants
``` Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine Ecstasy ```
31
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity causing sped up body functions & associated energy & mood changes
32
Methamphetamine
A powerful addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system , w speed up body functions & associated energy & mood changes Reduce baseline dopamine levels
33
Near death experience
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush w death Often similar to drug induced hallucinations Cardiac arrest
34
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana Triggers a variety of effects Including mild hallucinations
35
The powers of a hypnotist have over hypnotized subject ?
Doesn't enhance recall of forgotten events False memories Cannot force people to act against their will , may perform unlikely acts Can help relieve pain
36
Hypnotherapy
Aims to help people uncover problem causing thoughts & feelings to change an unwanted behavior
37
What is true bout daydreaming
It occurs bOut spontaneously
38
Which states that consciousness occurs when one person suggest to another that certain thoughts or behaviors will occur
Hypnosis
39
What is closely associated w the split in consciousness that allowed some thoughts & behaviors to occur simultaneously w other
Dissociation
40
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm Causes pineal gland to adjust to melatonin production
41
How do our biological rhythms influence our daily functioning
Our bodies have a clock | Circadian rhythm in our daily patterns of body temp , arousal , sleeping , & waking
42
What can alter daily patterns
Age & experience
43
How often do we cycle through the four stages
Every ninety minutes
44
Stage one
First five to ten mins Leaving alpha waves of the wake Relaxed stage Sensation of floating or falling
45
Stage two
Spend most the time in Lasting bout 20 mins Sleep spindles
46
Stage three
Lasting bout thirty mins W large delta waves Growth hormone Immune system
47
Where do most dreams occur in
The R.E.M. stage | Outward paralysis
48
During a normal night sleep
NREM stage 3 sleep shortens & REM & NREM 2 sleep lengthens
49
Sleep helps w
Restoring & repairing damaged neurons Strengthen neural connections that building memories Festive problem solving Human growth gland
50
What represents a circadian rhythm
Body temp rises each day as morning approaches
51
In what state are you likely to experience hypnagogic sensations of falling
NREM 1
52
What sleep theories emphasizes sleep role in restoring & repairing brain tissues
Recuperation
53
Insomnia
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
54
How does sleep loss affect us
Causes us to be tired , irritability & impairs concentration , productivity & memory Can lead to depression , obesity , joint pain , suppressed immune system & slowed performance
55
Freud wish fulfillment
Dream provide a psychic safety value w mannifest content
56
Info processing
Dreams help us sort out the days events & puts then in memory
57
activation synthesis
The brain attempts to make sense of neural static by weaving it into a story line
58
Cognitive development
Dreams reflect the dreamers level of development
59
Effects of opiates are similar to
Endorphins
60
Three major categories of drugs
Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens
61
How long does the brain keep an accurate count of sleep debt for
A least two weeks
62
Substance use disorder
Continued substance craving & use despite of life disruption & physical risk
63
Cocaine
A powerful & addictive stimulant | Producing alertness & euphoria
64
Ecstasy
A synthetic stimulant & mild hallucinogen Produces euphoria & social intimacy Short health risks & longer serotonin producing neurons
65
LSD
powerful hallucinogenic drug
66
What do psychoactive drugs alter
Perceptions & moods Can produce tolerance & withdrawl
67
What is a drug that is an opiate
Heroine
68
Non conscious
Body processes that we are not aware of ; but are active
69
Preconscious
Info out of awareness : but memories are easily accessible
70
Subconscious
Info out of awareness , memories aren't easily accessible
71
Unconscious
Info out of awareness : no actual memories may even exists , though behavior is affected
72
Free running circadian rhythm
Experiments in when all environmental time cues are removed | No flow , light is controlled
73
Jet lag
Crossing time zones disrupt circadian rhythms & produce fatigue
74
NREM
Body restoration | Quiet , dreamless sleep
75
R.E.M.
Mind restoration
76
Pre sleep
Transition from wakefulness to sleep | Hypnagogic hallucinations & myoglobin jerks
77
Sleep spindles
Quick bursts of brain activity that last for a sec
78
Stage four
Slow delta waves 15 mins or more to regain consciousness Sleep disorders
79
Sleep bruxism
Grinding the teeth during sleep
80
Enuresis
Nighttime loss of bladder control
81
What waves when we're stressed ?
Beta
82
Waves in REM
Alpha & beta
83
Big word for sleep walking
Somnambulism
84
Nightmares
Occur toward mornings | REM sleep
85
What's more common : dreaming or sleep thinking ?
Sleep thinking
86
Lucid dream
Act of consciously perceiving and recognizing that one is dreaming Enabling more control of content
87
Drug rebound effect
Withdrawal symptoms are opposite to drugs active
88
Some states occur spontaneously
Daydreaming Drowsiness Dreaming
89
Some are physiologically induced
Hallucinations Orgasm Food or oxygen
90
Some are psychological induced
Sensory deprivation Hypnosis Meditation
91
What can sleep deprivation lead to
REM rebound
92
which of these drugs, which acts as both a stimulant and a hallucinogen, can also cause dangerous dehydration?
Ecstasy

AP Psych (17 decks)

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