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Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

An individual characteristic pattern of thinking , feeling , & acting

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2
Q

Free association

A

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes & says whatever comes to mind , no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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3
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts & actions to unconscious motives & conflicts ; the techniques used in testing psychological disorders by seeking to expose & interpret unconscious tensions

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4
Q

Id

A

At birth
Unconscious
Pleasure
Irrational , instinctual , immediate

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5
Q

Ego

A 
Comes w experience 
Reality 
Part conscious 
Organized , rational , acceptable ways to desire 
Mediator
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6
Q

Superego

A

Morals
Partly conscious
Value , acceptable behavior
Guilt , shame , anxiety

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7
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

The childhood stages of dev , during which the ID’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

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8
Q

Oedipus complex

A

A boys sexual desires toward his mother & feelings of jealousy & hatred for the rival father

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9
Q

Identification

A

The process by which , children incorporeal their parents values into their developing superegos

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10
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage , in which conflicts were unresolved

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11
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

The egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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12
Q

Repression

A

The basic defense mechanism that vanishes from consciousness anxiety arosuing thoughts , feelings , & memories

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13
Q

Seven defense mechanisms

A 
Regression
Reaction formation 
Projection 
Rationalization 
Displacement 
Sublimation 
Denial
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14
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated

A lil boy reverts to the oral comfort of thumb sucking in the car on the way to his first day of school

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15
Q

Reaction formation

A

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Repressing angry feelings , a person displays exaggerated friendliness

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16
Q

Projection

A

Disgusting one own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

The thief thinks everyone is a thief

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17
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering self justifying explanations in plan of the real , more threatening unconscious reasons for one actions

A habitual drinker says she drinks with her friends “ just to be sociable “

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18
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

A lil girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room

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19
Q

Sublimation

A

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives

A man w aggressive urges becomes a surgeon

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20
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

A partner denies evidence of his loved one affair

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21
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung concept of a shared , inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

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22
Q

Projective test

A

A personality tests , that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one inner dynamics

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23
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings & interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

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24
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

The most widely used projective test , a set of ten inkblots , designed by Herman Rorschach ; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of blots

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25
False consensus effect
The tendency to overstimulate the extent to which others share our beliefs & our behaviors
26
Terror management theory
A theory of death related anxiety ; explores people's emotional & behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
27
Humanistic theories
View personality w a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
28
Self actualization
According to Maslow , one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical & psychological needs are met & self esteem is achieve ; the motivation to fulfill one potential
29
Unconditional positive regard
According to rogers , an attitude of total accepts Andre toward another person
30
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel & act , as assessed by self report inventories & peer reports
31
Personality inventory
A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings & behaviors ; used to assess selects personality of traits
32
Minnesota multiphase personality inventory
The most widely researched & clinically used of all personality tests Originally developed to identify emotional disorders , this test is now used for many other screening purposes
33
Empirically derived test
A test developed by testing a pool of items & then selecting those that discriminate between groups
34
Social cognitive perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's frauds & their social context
35
Behavioral approach
In personality theory , this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
36
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences of behavior , internal cognition , & environment
37
Positive psychology
The study of optimal human functioning ; aims to discover & promote strengths & virtues that enable individuals & communities to thrive
38
Self
To be the center of personality , the organizer of our thoughts , feelings , & actions
39
Spotlight effect
Overstimulating others noticing & evaluating our appearance , performance , & blunders
40
Self esteem
One feelings of high or low self worth
41
Self efficacy
One sense of competence & effortiveness
42
Self serving bias
A readiness to perceive one self favorably
43
Narcissism
Excessive self love & self absorption
44
Individualism
Giving priority to one own goals over group goals & defining one identity In terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
45
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one group & defining ones identity accordingly
46
Unconscious
What you don't know is there | Early childhood
47
Preconscious
You don't know , but can get easily
48
Conscious
What you know & can remember
49
Ways to access unconscious
Dream interpretation Freudian slip Free association
50
Dream interpretation
Manifest : story line of dream | Latent : deeper meaning of dream
51
Testing
Projective tests | Provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts & feelings
52
Trouble w Id , ego , superego
Mental problems | Disorders
53
Freudian slips
Mistakes from unconscious mind
54
According to Freud , which of the following defense mechanisms underlies all of the others ?
Repression
55
When a substantial body of research demonstrates that old intuitions are wrong , it is time to adopt new ways of thinking
Psychodynamic theories
56
Oral
0 to 18 months | Pleasure mouth
57
Anal
18 to 36 months | Pleasure focuses on bowel elimination
58
Phallic
Three to six years | Pleasure in gentials
59
Genital
Puberty & on | Maturation of sexual feelings
60
Neo Freudians
Pioneering psychoanalysts | Agree w id , ego , super ego , unconscious ; childlike shaping personality
61
How neo Freudians broke off Freud
More emphasis on conscious mind & coping w environment | Doubted sex & aggression
62
Jung theory of though
The unconscious contains more of an our repressed feelings & thoughts
63
Alfred Adler
Believed that the driving force in people lives as a desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority
64
Karen horney
Stressed importance of the basic anxiety & resentment felt by kids
65
Carl jung
Distinguished between personal & collective unconscious
66
Genuiness
They are open w their own feelings , drop their facades & are transparent & self disclosing
67
Acceptance
They offer unconditional positive regard , confess worst feelings , close family
68
Empathy
They share & mirror others feelings & reflect their meanings
69
What do we call the process of fulfilling our potential ?
Self actualization
70
Humanistic psychologists often prefer to assess of personality by
Sitting down & talking to the person
71
Example of unconditional positive regard
Mr & Mrs who have been married for 37 years , credit the success of their marriage to the fact that each has been able to accept the faults of the other
72
Continum ranging from ruthless & suspicious to helpful & trusting ?
Agreeableness
73
Big five personality research reveals
Shy introverts are more likely to prefer communicating through email instead of person
74
Personality theories types
``` Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic Humanistic Trait Social cognitive ```
75
Psychoanalytic leader
Freud
76
Psychodynamic leaders
Adler Horney Jung
77
Humanistic leaders
Rogers | Maslow
78
Trait leaders
Allport Eysenck McCrae Costa
79
Social cognitive leader
Bandura
80
Case study
Psychoanalytic & humanistic Less expensive May not generalize
81
Survey
Questioning Trait, social cognitive , positive psychology Reliable results & generalize Expensive
82
Projective tests
Ambiguous stimuli Psychodynamic Good ice breaker Weak reliable
83
Personal inventories chart
Objectively scored groups Traits Generally reliable Explore limited number of traits
84
Observation & experimentation
Social cognitive
85
The way we explain negative & positive events
Attributional style
86
Example of self efficacy
Abraham believes he is a good Person
87
Any was sure everyone noticed how nervous she was ; but later no one said anything
Spotlight effect
88
Example of reciprocal determinism
Children tv viewing habits influence their viewing preferences ; which influence how tv affects their behavior
89
Conscientiousness
Disorganized , organized Careless , careful Impulsive , disciplined
90
Neuroticism
Calm , anxious | Secure , insecure
91
Openness
Practical , imaginative Prefers routine , prefers variety Independent , dependent
92
Extraversion
Retiring , sociable Sober , fun loving Reserved , affectionate
93
Types of projective tests ( psychodynamic )
Rorschach | TAT
94
Positive regard
Sense of being loved & valued by other people
95
What did Abraham Maslow make ?
Hierarchy of needs ... which influences behavior striving for self actualization
96
Psychodynamic
The unconscious & conscious minds interact | Childhood experiences & defense mechanism
97
Psychological tests
Accurately & consistent reflections of a person characteristic Predict future functioning Standardized tests
98
What is the most used test ??
MMIP
99
Five levels of Maslow hierarchy of needs
Self actualization ( morals ) Esteem ( confidence ) Social ( friends & family ) Safety ( economic , physical , security , health ) Physiological ( food , water , & shelter )
100
George joined a gang so that the kids at school would no longer pick on him
Safety
101
Sara is currently working w kids who come from extremely biased backgrounds .. she is working to end racism in her town
Self actualization
102
James took the money he received from his tax refund & bought a new car so that others would think he is cool
Esteem
103
Which of the following classifies personality based on carl Jung personality types ?
Myers Briggs type indicator
104
Do people change or stay the same throughout life ?
They change , but their traits do not
105
What is your sexual energy ?
Libido | Focused on differ parts of the body @ differ ages
106
The fact that mr Thomas was impressed by palm reader
Barnum effect
107
The concept of personality most clearly embodies
Behavioral consistency

AP Psych (17 decks)

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