Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Personality

A

An individual characteristic pattern of thinking , feeling , & acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Free association

A

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes & says whatever comes to mind , no matter how trivial or embarrassing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts & actions to unconscious motives & conflicts ; the techniques used in testing psychological disorders by seeking to expose & interpret unconscious tensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Id

A

At birth
Unconscious
Pleasure
Irrational , instinctual , immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ego

A
Comes w experience 
Reality 
Part conscious 
Organized , rational , acceptable ways to desire 
Mediator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Superego

A

Morals
Partly conscious
Value , acceptable behavior
Guilt , shame , anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

The childhood stages of dev , during which the ID’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oedipus complex

A

A boys sexual desires toward his mother & feelings of jealousy & hatred for the rival father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identification

A

The process by which , children incorporeal their parents values into their developing superegos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage , in which conflicts were unresolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

The egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Repression

A

The basic defense mechanism that vanishes from consciousness anxiety arosuing thoughts , feelings , & memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Seven defense mechanisms

A
Regression
Reaction formation 
Projection 
Rationalization 
Displacement 
Sublimation 
Denial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated

A lil boy reverts to the oral comfort of thumb sucking in the car on the way to his first day of school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reaction formation

A

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Repressing angry feelings , a person displays exaggerated friendliness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Projection

A

Disgusting one own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

The thief thinks everyone is a thief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering self justifying explanations in plan of the real , more threatening unconscious reasons for one actions

A habitual drinker says she drinks with her friends “ just to be sociable “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

A lil girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sublimation

A

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives

A man w aggressive urges becomes a surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

A partner denies evidence of his loved one affair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung concept of a shared , inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Projective test

A

A personality tests , that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one inner dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings & interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

The most widely used projective test , a set of ten inkblots , designed by Herman Rorschach ; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of blots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

False consensus effect

A

The tendency to overstimulate the extent to which others share our beliefs & our behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Terror management theory

A

A theory of death related anxiety ; explores people’s emotional & behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Humanistic theories

A

View personality w a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Self actualization

A

According to Maslow , one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical & psychological needs are met & self esteem is achieve ; the motivation to fulfill one potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

According to rogers , an attitude of total accepts Andre toward another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Trait

A

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel & act , as assessed by self report inventories & peer reports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Personality inventory

A

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings & behaviors ; used to assess selects personality of traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Minnesota multiphase personality inventory

A

The most widely researched & clinically used of all personality tests
Originally developed to identify emotional disorders , this test is now used for many other screening purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Empirically derived test

A

A test developed by testing a pool of items & then selecting those that discriminate between groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s frauds & their social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Behavioral approach

A

In personality theory , this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The interacting influences of behavior , internal cognition , & environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Positive psychology

A

The study of optimal human functioning ; aims to discover & promote strengths & virtues that enable individuals & communities to thrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Self

A

To be the center of personality , the organizer of our thoughts , feelings , & actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Spotlight effect

A

Overstimulating others noticing & evaluating our appearance , performance , & blunders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Self esteem

A

One feelings of high or low self worth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Self efficacy

A

One sense of competence & effortiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Self serving bias

A

A readiness to perceive one self favorably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive self love & self absorption

44
Q

Individualism

A

Giving priority to one own goals over group goals & defining one identity In terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

45
Q

Collectivism

A

Giving priority to the goals of one group & defining ones identity accordingly

46
Q

Unconscious

A

What you don’t know is there

Early childhood

47
Q

Preconscious

A

You don’t know , but can get easily

48
Q

Conscious

A

What you know & can remember

49
Q

Ways to access unconscious

A

Dream interpretation
Freudian slip
Free association

50
Q

Dream interpretation

A

Manifest : story line of dream

Latent : deeper meaning of dream

51
Q

Testing

A

Projective tests

Provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts & feelings

52
Q

Trouble w Id , ego , superego

A

Mental problems

Disorders

53
Q

Freudian slips

A

Mistakes from unconscious mind

54
Q

According to Freud , which of the following defense mechanisms underlies all of the others ?

A

Repression

55
Q

When a substantial body of research demonstrates that old intuitions are wrong , it is time to adopt new ways of thinking

A

Psychodynamic theories

56
Q

Oral

A

0 to 18 months

Pleasure mouth

57
Q

Anal

A

18 to 36 months

Pleasure focuses on bowel elimination

58
Q

Phallic

A

Three to six years

Pleasure in gentials

59
Q

Genital

A

Puberty & on

Maturation of sexual feelings

60
Q

Neo Freudians

A

Pioneering psychoanalysts

Agree w id , ego , super ego , unconscious ; childlike shaping personality

61
Q

How neo Freudians broke off Freud

A

More emphasis on conscious mind & coping w environment

Doubted sex & aggression

62
Q

Jung theory of though

A

The unconscious contains more of an our repressed feelings & thoughts

63
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Believed that the driving force in people lives as a desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority

64
Q

Karen horney

A

Stressed importance of the basic anxiety & resentment felt by kids

65
Q

Carl jung

A

Distinguished between personal & collective unconscious

66
Q

Genuiness

A

They are open w their own feelings , drop their facades & are transparent & self disclosing

67
Q

Acceptance

A

They offer unconditional positive regard , confess worst feelings , close family

68
Q

Empathy

A

They share & mirror others feelings & reflect their meanings

69
Q

What do we call the process of fulfilling our potential ?

A

Self actualization

70
Q

Humanistic psychologists often prefer to assess of personality by

A

Sitting down & talking to the person

71
Q

Example of unconditional positive regard

A

Mr & Mrs who have been married for 37 years , credit the success of their marriage to the fact that each has been able to accept the faults of the other

72
Q

Continum ranging from ruthless & suspicious to helpful & trusting ?

A

Agreeableness

73
Q

Big five personality research reveals

A

Shy introverts are more likely to prefer communicating through email instead of person

74
Q

Personality theories types

A
Psychoanalytic 
Psychodynamic 
Humanistic 
Trait 
Social cognitive
75
Q

Psychoanalytic leader

A

Freud

76
Q

Psychodynamic leaders

A

Adler
Horney
Jung

77
Q

Humanistic leaders

A

Rogers

Maslow

78
Q

Trait leaders

A

Allport
Eysenck
McCrae
Costa

79
Q

Social cognitive leader

A

Bandura

80
Q

Case study

A

Psychoanalytic & humanistic
Less expensive
May not generalize

81
Q

Survey

A

Questioning
Trait, social cognitive , positive psychology
Reliable results & generalize
Expensive

82
Q

Projective tests

A

Ambiguous stimuli
Psychodynamic
Good ice breaker
Weak reliable

83
Q

Personal inventories chart

A

Objectively scored groups
Traits
Generally reliable
Explore limited number of traits

84
Q

Observation & experimentation

A

Social cognitive

85
Q

The way we explain negative & positive events

A

Attributional style

86
Q

Example of self efficacy

A

Abraham believes he is a good Person

87
Q

Any was sure everyone noticed how nervous she was ; but later no one said anything

A

Spotlight effect

88
Q

Example of reciprocal determinism

A

Children tv viewing habits influence their viewing preferences ; which influence how tv affects their behavior

89
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Disorganized , organized
Careless , careful
Impulsive , disciplined

90
Q

Neuroticism

A

Calm , anxious

Secure , insecure

91
Q

Openness

A

Practical , imaginative
Prefers routine , prefers variety
Independent , dependent

92
Q

Extraversion

A

Retiring , sociable
Sober , fun loving
Reserved , affectionate

93
Q

Types of projective tests ( psychodynamic )

A

Rorschach

TAT

94
Q

Positive regard

A

Sense of being loved & valued by other people

95
Q

What did Abraham Maslow make ?

A

Hierarchy of needs … which influences behavior striving for self actualization

96
Q

Psychodynamic

A

The unconscious & conscious minds interact

Childhood experiences & defense mechanism

97
Q

Psychological tests

A

Accurately & consistent reflections of a person characteristic
Predict future functioning
Standardized tests

98
Q

What is the most used test ??

A

MMIP

99
Q

Five levels of Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Self actualization ( morals )
Esteem ( confidence )
Social ( friends & family )
Safety ( economic , physical , security , health )
Physiological ( food , water , & shelter )

100
Q

George joined a gang so that the kids at school would no longer pick on him

A

Safety

101
Q

Sara is currently working w kids who come from extremely biased backgrounds .. she is working to end racism in her town

A

Self actualization

102
Q

James took the money he received from his tax refund & bought a new car so that others would think he is cool

A

Esteem

103
Q

Which of the following classifies personality based on carl Jung personality types ?

A

Myers Briggs type indicator

104
Q

Do people change or stay the same throughout life ?

A

They change , but their traits do not

105
Q

What is your sexual energy ?

A

Libido

Focused on differ parts of the body @ differ ages

106
Q

The fact that mr Thomas was impressed by palm reader

A

Barnum effect

107
Q

The concept of personality most clearly embodies

A

Behavioral consistency