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AP Psych > Motivation, Emotion, & Stress > Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, & Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

A need of desire that energies & directs behavior

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2
Q

Instinct

A

A complex , unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

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3
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

The ideas that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivated an organism to satisfy the need

THEYRE INADEQUATE

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state ; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry
Such as blood glucose

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5
Q

Incentive

A

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

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6
Q

Yerkes Dodson law

A

The principle that performance increases w arousal only up to a point , beyond which performance decreases

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7
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow pyramid of human needs t

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8
Q

Optimal arousal theory

A

Explains that motivated behaviors may decrease or increase arousal

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9
Q

Glucose

A

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood & provides the major source of energy for body tissues
When it’s level is low , we feel hunger

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10
Q

Set point

A

The point at which an individual weight thermostat is supposedly set
When the body falls below this weight , an increase in hunger & a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

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11
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The body resting rate of energy expenditure

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12
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

The four stages of sexual responding described by masters & Johnson - excitement , plateau , orgasm , resolution

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13
Q

Refractory period

A

A resting period after orgasm , during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

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14
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousing & functioning

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15
Q

Emotion

A

A response of the whole organism involves :
Physiological arousal
Expressive behaviors
Conscious experiences

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16
Q

James Lange theory

A

We experience emotion Bc of physiological change

Emotion providing
Physical
Emotion

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17
Q

Cannon bard theory

A

An emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both a physiological response & a subjective experience of emotion

Emotion producing stimulus
Physiological response
Feeling of emotion

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18
Q

Two factor theory

A

The schachter singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused & cognitively label the arousal

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19
Q

Stress

A

The process by which we perceive & respond to certain events called stressors , that we appraiser as threatening or challenging

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20
Q

General adaption syndrome

A

Around concept of the body adaptive response to stress in ; alarm resistance & exhaustion

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21
Q

Tend & befriend response

A

Under stress people often provide support to others & bond w & seek support from others

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22
Q

Psychophysiological

A

Literally , mind body illness , any stress related physical illness such as hypertension & headaches

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23
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of how psychological , neural , & endocrine , process together affect the immune system & resulting health

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24
Q

Lymphocytes

A

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body immune system

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25
B lymphocytes
Form in the bone marrow & release antibodies that fight bacterial infections
26
T lymphocytes
Form in the thymus & other lymphatic tissue & attack cancer cells , viruses , & foreign substances
27
Coronary heart disease
The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle | The least cause of death in many developed countries
28
Type a
Friedman & roseman term for competence , hard driving , impatient , verbally aggressive , & anger prone people
29
Type b
Friedman & roseman term for easy going relaxed people
30
Three components for motivation
Activation : invitation or production behavior Persistence : continued effort to get something Intensity : greater vigor of responding
31
Migration & mating behavior
A complex , inherited , unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
32
Arousal theory
We are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal Based on individual or situation Too low : watch movie or jog Too high : mediating or book
33
Incentive theory
Extrinsic motivation | Behavior is motivated solely by the pull of external rewards or punishment
34
Intrinsic motivation
When you are motivated by internal factors to do something for its own sake
35
Psychoanalysis
Motives come from the unconscious mind Eros : your life instinct is the drive for survival Thanatos : your death instinct
36
Social acceptance
Behaviors are motivated by the desire to increase our social acceptance & inclusion in social groups
37
Humanistic theory
People are motivated to satisfy a progression of internal needs , beginning w the most basic & moving towards the realization of personal potential Abraham Maslow
38
Hypothalamus
Mains homeostasis
39
Lateral
Tells you that you're hungry
40
Ventromedical
Responsible for stop eating
41
Which is a major source of energy in your body ?
Glucose
42
Leptin
Protein secreted by fat cells Too much ; increases metabolism & decreasing hunger Too lil ; signals to increase hunger
43
Orexins
The hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus
44
Gherlin
Secreted by an empty stomach
45
PYY
digestive tract hormone that sends an I'm not hungry signal to the brain
46
What makes you hungry
Orexin Ghlrelin Lateral
47
Not hungry
Leptin PYY Ventromedical
48
External factors that affect eating habits
Taste Moods Culture Media
49
Anorexia nervosa
Normal weight person diets & becomes under weight
50
Bulima nervosa
Characterized by episodes of overrating , followed by vomiting , laxative use , or excessive exercise
51
Achievement
A desire for significant accomplishment for master of things , people or ideas for attaining a high standard
52
Theory x
Workers will only work w benefits or threatened w punishment
53
Theory y
Workers have internal motivation to do goood work & only need encouragement
54
Easier theory ; x or y
Theory x
55
Powerful ; x or y
Theory y
56
Approach - approach conflict
This occurs when you have a choice bwt two desirable outcomes Concert or game ?
57
Avoidance - avoidance conflict
Occurs when you must choose bwt to undesirable outcomes Clean room or mow lawn
58
Approach - avoidance conflict
A choice you are going to make bwt desirable & undesirable Lactose but loves ice cream
59
Physiological
Includes behaviors like heart pounding , dry mouth , & shortened breath
60
Expressive behaviors
Includes external behaviors like a fast walk or jumping or smiling
61
Conscious experience
Includes identifying thoughts & feelings
62
Which is more powerful ? Extrinsic or instrisic
Intrinsic
63
Drive reduction theory flow chart
Need ( food or water ) Drive ( hunger or thirst Drive reducing behaviors ( eating or drinking )
64
Do different emotions activate different physiological responses ?
No ; multiple emotions trigger multiple responses Yes; different emotions do stimulate different facial feature
65
A polygraph machine can identify the different physiological responses
W different emotions in order to detect lies
66
How are emotions expressed ?
Emotions can be felt internal as the physiology of body changes & emotions can be project outwardly through ; facial expressions , body language , tone
67
Facial feedback
Assuming emotional expressions & postures can trigger a feeling
68
What shows emotion more ?
Facial expressions
69
Carroll Izard basic emotions
``` Joy Interest / excitement Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Contempt Fear Shame Guilt ```
70
Two dimensional model of emotions
Explains positive & negative emotions - the value of any emotion is a measure of pleasantness combined w arousal
71
Excitement
Beginning of stage
72
Orgasm
Tissue thicken
73
Plateau
Arousal at high level
74
Resolution
Back to original
75
Narcissism
Self esteem gone away | These people are self important , self focused
76
Spillover effect
The tendency of one person emotion to affect how other people around them feel
77
Robert zajonc theory on emotion
They believe that some simple emotional responses occur instantly not only outside our conscious awareness but before any cognitive processing occurs

AP Psych (17 decks)

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