Problem Solving & Intelligence

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities associated w thinking , knowing , remembering , & communicating

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

Mental groupings of similar objects , events , ideas , or Ppl
Grouped all memories & experience into one chair

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

A mental image of best example of each concept we have developed

Question 4

Convergent thinking

Answer 4

IQ tests measure a single correct answer

Question 5

Divergent thinking

Answer 5

Creativity tests measure multiple answers

Question 6

Five components of creativity

Answer 6

Expertise : knowing things 
A venturesome personality : not following a crowd 
Instrisic : it's own sake 
Creative environment 
Imaginative thinking

Question 7

Overconfidence

Answer 7

Occurs when we over estimate our knowledge & abilities

Question 8

Mental set

Answer 8

Our tendency to try to solve a problem in a manner that has worked in the past

Question 9

Confirmation bias

Answer 9

The tendency to seek out evidence that confirms our findings more eagerly than seeking evidence that refutes our findings

Question 10

Belief perseverance

Answer 10

Holding in one line of thinking despite over whelming evidence to the contrary ( imagine evidence as opposite )

Question 11

Framing

Answer 11

The way in which something is presented can affect our decisions & judgements
Surveys easily illustrate framing

Question 12

Creativity

Answer 12

The ability to produce novel & valuable ideas

Question 13

Algorithm

Answer 13

A methodical , step by step , logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem

Question 14

Heuristic

Answer 14

A simple , thinking strategy tht often allows us to make judgements & solve problems by adding common sense
QUICKER

Question 15

Insight

Answer 15

A sudden & often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Question 16

Intuition

Answer 16

An effortless , immediate , automatic feeling or thought , as a contrasted w explicit conscious reasoning

Question 17

Trial & error

Answer 17

Trying until something works

Question 18

Fixation

Answer 18

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Question 19

Functional fixedness

Answer 19

He tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
McGyer did not have this

Question 20

Representative heuristics

Answer 20

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes
OFTEN LEADS TO FALSE CONCLUSIONS

Question 21

Availability heuristic

Answer 21

Making our judgements by estimating the likelihood of events based on their availibitu in memory

Question 22

Language

Answer 22

Spoken , written , or signed words & the ways we combine them to communicate

Question 23

Phoneme

Answer 23

The smallest distinctive of sound unit

Question 24

Morpheme

Answer 24

The smallest unit that carries meaning

Question 25

Grammar

Answer 25

A system of rules that enables us to communicate w & understandbotherw

Question 26

Babbling stage

Answer 26

Beginning at bout four months , the stage of speech dev in which the infant utters various sounds

Question 27

One word stage

Answer 27

From one to two , during which a child speaks mostly in single words

Question 28

Two word stage

Answer 28

Bout two , the stage in speech dev during which a child speaks mostly in two word statements

Question 29

Telegraphic speech

Answer 29

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram … using nouns & verbs

Question 30

Aphasia

Answer 30

Impairment of language , usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to bro a area or wernicke

Question 31

Linguistic determinism

Answer 31

Shorts hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Question 32

Damage to what lobe affects convergent ?

Answer 32

Left parietal lobe

Question 33

Injury to what areas can affect reading , writing , & imagination ?

Answer 33

Frontal lobes

Question 34

Mental functions

Answer 34

Speaking
Perceiving
Thinking
Remembering

Question 35

Three problem solving strategies

Answer 35

Trial & error
Step by step
No problem strategy

Question 36

Three building blocks of spoken language

Answer 36

Phonemes
Morphemes
Grammar

Question 37

Noam Chomskys theory on how we acquire language

Answer 37

Humans are born w a built in predisposition to learn grammar rules

Question 38

Noam Chomsky

Answer 38

Nature

We’re born w a language acquisition device

Question 39

Language conclusion

Answer 39

Language is a result of biology & experience combined

Question 40

B f skinner

Answer 40

Nurture , we learn through experience

Children repeat sounds rewarded

Question 41

Motherese

Answer 41

People talk to babies w varied pitch & intonation

Question 42

Does language indicate intelligence ?

Answer 42

Language isn’t only bout communication
Allowed accumulation & transmission of knowledge & culture
We know things we don’t have to experience

Question 43

What kind of intelligence is assessed by traditional intelligence tests

Answer 43

Analytical

Question 44

Expertise

Answer 44

Expert skill

Question 45

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 45

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for one sake

Question 46

Imagination

Answer 46

Forming ideas

Question 47

Venturesome

Answer 47

Willing to take risks

Question 48

Ben worf view on language influences thinking

Answer 48

The more words you have for a concept , the more you recognize it

Question 49

How does WAIS test assess intelligence

Answer 49

Measure similarities , vocabulary , block design , letters

Requires verbal & performance

Question 50

Can a test be reliable yet not valid

Answer 50

All yet questions can relate to each other but not actually be a test of what was needed
It cannot be valid & not reliable

Question 51

Do intelligence test biased or discriminate

Answer 51

They can be biased of culture experiences but they’re don’t discriminate