Problem Solving & Intelligence Flashcards
Cognition
The mental activities associated w thinking , knowing , remembering , & communicating
Concept
Mental groupings of similar objects , events , ideas , or Ppl
Grouped all memories & experience into one chair
Prototype
A mental image of best example of each concept we have developed
Convergent thinking
IQ tests measure a single correct answer
Divergent thinking
Creativity tests measure multiple answers
Five components of creativity
Expertise : knowing things A venturesome personality : not following a crowd Instrisic : it's own sake Creative environment Imaginative thinking
Overconfidence
Occurs when we over estimate our knowledge & abilities
Mental set
Our tendency to try to solve a problem in a manner that has worked in the past
Confirmation bias
The tendency to seek out evidence that confirms our findings more eagerly than seeking evidence that refutes our findings
Belief perseverance
Holding in one line of thinking despite over whelming evidence to the contrary ( imagine evidence as opposite )
Framing
The way in which something is presented can affect our decisions & judgements
Surveys easily illustrate framing
Creativity
The ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
Algorithm
A methodical , step by step , logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem
Heuristic
A simple , thinking strategy tht often allows us to make judgements & solve problems by adding common sense
QUICKER
Insight
A sudden & often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Intuition
An effortless , immediate , automatic feeling or thought , as a contrasted w explicit conscious reasoning
Trial & error
Trying until something works
Fixation
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Functional fixedness
He tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
McGyer did not have this
Representative heuristics
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes
OFTEN LEADS TO FALSE CONCLUSIONS
Availability heuristic
Making our judgements by estimating the likelihood of events based on their availibitu in memory
Language
Spoken , written , or signed words & the ways we combine them to communicate
Phoneme
The smallest distinctive of sound unit
Morpheme
The smallest unit that carries meaning
