Social Cells 1: receptors etc.

Question 1

Ligands

Answer 1

signalling molecules released by cells to communicate

Question 2

What are three different types of short distance communication?

Answer 2

Juxtacrine, Autocrine and Paracrine

Question 3

What are two different types of long distance communication?

Answer 3

Synaptic and Endocrine signalling

Question 4

Autocrine signalling

Answer 4

A cell targeting itself

Question 5

Juxtacrine// Contact dependent

Answer 5

Contains membrane bound signalling molecules

Question 6

Endocrine signalling

Answer 6

Long-distance, ligands are hormones, very specific, may be produced by a gland

Question 7

Paracrine signalling

Answer 7

Short distance, cell to cell communication, requires a local mediator

Question 8

What are some paracrine signalling mediators?

Answer 8

Histamine, Thromboxane and leukotrienes

Question 9

Synaptic signalling

Answer 9

technically short distance, but allows rapid long distance signalling- electrical impulses are transformed into a chemical signal

Question 10

What are the 4 main types of receptors

Answer 10

ionotropic, metabotropic, RTK’s and intracellular

Question 11

What are some examples of hormones?

Answer 11

Adrenaline/ Noradrenaline

Question 12

What types of ligands can cause paracrine signalling?

Answer 12

Growth factors, Gases, Inflammatory Mediators

Question 13

What are the three ways juxtracrine signalling can occur?

Answer 13

Membrane proteins present on each cell interact with each other, Membrane proteins interact as part of an extracellular matrix, Junctions link cells allowing small molecules to pass between them

Question 14

What is a Competent cell

Answer 14

A cell with a specific complimentary receptor to the ligand

Question 15

Which cell signalling uses local mediators?

Answer 15

Paracrine

Question 16

Which cells signalling effects growth and Diabetes?

Answer 16

Endocrine

Question 17

What type of signalling is mostly produced by glands?

Answer 17

Endocrine

Question 18

What are the three ways ligands can be released into the EC space?

Answer 18

Exocytosis, Expressed on the Cell surface membrane, Diffusion

Question 19

What are two diseases associated with paracrine signalling?

Answer 19

Inflammation and allergies

Question 20

What are local mediators?

Answer 20

Ligands involved in either autocrine or pararcrine signalling

Question 21

How do neurons work?

Answer 21

They convert electrical impulses into chemical signals

Question 22

What can synaptic signalling be between