Monosaccharides, disaccharides, Polysaccharides (building blocks 3 and 4)

Question 1

What are some functions of glycoproteins?

Answer 1

Blood clotting, reproduction, Immune system recognition

Question 2

What are some functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Energy source, Energy storage and structural component

Question 3

Aldose

Answer 3

A sugar with the =O at the end

Question 4

Ketose

Answer 4

A sugar with the =O in the middle

Question 5

Alpha glucose

Answer 5

has the hydroxyl group on C1 below

Question 6

Beta glucose

Answer 6

has the hydroxyl on C2 above

Question 7

Structural isomer

Answer 7

same molecular formula with a different structure

Question 8

Stereoisomers

Answer 8

same connectivity with a different arrangement

Question 9

Enantimers

Answer 9

non super-imposable, mirror images

Question 10

Diastereomers

Answer 10

non mirror images

Question 11

Epimers

Answer 11

differ at only 1 chiral centre

Question 12

Anomers

Answer 12

differs at more than 1 chiral centre

Question 13

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 13

Maltose, Trehalose, Sucrose, Lactose

Question 14

Heteropolysaccharide

Answer 14

contains two or more different types of disaccharide

Question 15

Function of Glycogen

Answer 15

broken down by glucagon to release glucose into the blood

Question 16

Function of Cellulose

Answer 16

Major component of plant cell walls, cannot be broken down by vertebrates

Question 17

Fermentation in ruminants

Answer 17

Hydrolyses polysaccharides to glucose, pyruvate can then produce VFA’s that can go on to produce acetyl coA

Question 18

Chitin

Answer 18

found in the exoskeletons of invertebrates

Question 19

Glycolipids

Answer 19

lipids modified with a carbohydrate component

Question 20

Glycoproteins

Answer 20

proteins modified with a carbohydrate component

Question 21

Proteoglycans

Answer 21

carbohydrates modified with a protein component

Question 22

Function of Glycolipids

Answer 22

act as a site of recognition for hormones

Question 23

Function of Glycoproteins

Answer 23

found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, acts as a protective covering for virus’s

Question 24

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 24

long unbranched polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units

Question 25

What is an example of a glycolipid?

Answer 25

Endotoxin

Question 26

What is an example of a glycosaminoglycan?

Answer 26

Heparin

Question 27

What is aggrecan?

Answer 27

Major component of cartilage

Question 28

Structure of glycogen?

Answer 28

Has both 1-4 and 1-6 bonds (branched) (doesn’t coil)

Question 29

Structure of Amylose?

Answer 29

Unbranched, only has 1-4 linkages

Question 30

Structure of Amylopectin?

Answer 30

Branched, has both 1-4 and 1-6 linkages (coiled)

Question 31

What hydrolyses amylopectin and amylase?

Answer 31

a-amylase

Question 32

what are amylopectin and amylase hydrolysed into?

Answer 32

maltose and maltotriose

Question 33

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 33

in liver and muscle cells

Question 34

What is O-linked glycosylation

Answer 34

The carbohydrate is attached to a serine or threoine residue

Question 35

What is N-linked glycosylation

Answer 35

The carbohydrate is attached to an asparagine residue

Question 36

What is an example of a glycoprotein?

Answer 36

eCG