Monosaccharides, disaccharides, Polysaccharides (building blocks 3 and 4) Flashcards
What are some functions of glycoproteins?
Blood clotting, reproduction, Immune system recognition
What are some functions of carbohydrates?
Energy source, Energy storage and structural component
Aldose
A sugar with the =O at the end
Ketose
A sugar with the =O in the middle
Alpha glucose
has the hydroxyl group on C1 below
Beta glucose
has the hydroxyl on C2 above
Structural isomer
same molecular formula with a different structure
Stereoisomers
same connectivity with a different arrangement
Enantimers
non super-imposable, mirror images
Diastereomers
non mirror images
Epimers
differ at only 1 chiral centre
Anomers
differs at more than 1 chiral centre
What are some examples of disaccharides?
Maltose, Trehalose, Sucrose, Lactose
Heteropolysaccharide
contains two or more different types of disaccharide
Function of Glycogen
broken down by glucagon to release glucose into the blood
Function of Cellulose
Major component of plant cell walls, cannot be broken down by vertebrates
Fermentation in ruminants
Hydrolyses polysaccharides to glucose, pyruvate can then produce VFA’s that can go on to produce acetyl coA
Chitin
found in the exoskeletons of invertebrates
Glycolipids
lipids modified with a carbohydrate component
Glycoproteins
proteins modified with a carbohydrate component
Proteoglycans
carbohydrates modified with a protein component
Function of Glycolipids
act as a site of recognition for hormones
Function of Glycoproteins
found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, acts as a protective covering for virus’s
Glycosaminoglycans
long unbranched polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units
