Cells Alive 2: Mitochondria Flashcards
What is the structure of a mitochondrion?
Has a double membrane, inner and outer- matrix and intermembrane space
How does ATP generate energy?
Phosphoanhydride bonds are broken via hydrolysis
How is acetyl coA produced from pyruvate?
1 carbon removed to produce Co2
How is Acetyl CoA produced from fatty acids?
via Beta Oxidation, 2 carbons are taken away to produce acetyl coA
How is Acetyl coA produced from amino acids?
Amino acids are deaminated, remainder of amino acid can enter the krebs cycle
What are the 4 complexes on the inner membrane?
1,2,3,4- also coenzyme Q and cytochrome C
Why do electrons move along the complexes?
Electrons will move from low to high affinity- this generates energy
What happens when H+ moves through the ATP synthase enzyme
H+ flow causes rotation of the stalk, mechanical energy as the head grinds against the stalk is converted into chemical energy
What else does the electrochemical gradient control?
Movement of pyruvate, phosphate and ATP/ADP
How do Pyruvate and Phosphate move across the mitochondria
The same direction as the h+ so it’s symporter (co-transport)
Which direction are ATP/ADP co-transported?
The opposite direction to the H+ gradient so it’s antiporter
What mediates passage of mitochondrial proteins?
Transmembrane proteins on the inner and outer membrane, this process requires energy
Where are mitochondrial proteins produced?
encoded in the nucleus and then produced in the cytosolic mitochondria
What are some other functions of the mitochondria?
Apoptosis: release of cytochrome C, storage of calcium, steroid synthesis
What are some inhibitors?
TCA cycle inhibitors, Electron transport inhibitors, Uncoupling agents, Mitochondrial transporter inhibitors
