G-Protein Coupled Receptors (Week 9) Flashcards
Signal transduction
When signals are converted from outside a cell through chemical processes into the cell
What are the main processes GPCR’s are involved in?
olfaction, regulation of immune responses, inflammation, homeostasis, growth and metastasis of tumours
What is the structure of a GPCR?
7 membrane spanning alpha helixes
What is outside and inside the cell?
Outside there is a binding area, inside there is a G protein
What is the G protein made up of?
3 amino acids, alpha beta and gamma
What is attached to the alpha part?
GDP, which is the energy
What is Ga (s)
Stimulatory G-Protein
What is Ga (i)
Inhibitory G-protein
What is Ga(Q)
Instead of acting on Adenylyl cyclase, it acts on phospholipase to produce inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol
What is Ga (o)
Has limiting effects, (activates potassium and calcium channels)
What activates enzyme-linked receptors?
growth factors, cytokines and hormones
What are enzyme-linked receptors involved in?
growth and cell division, inflammation and immune responses
What are the main types of enzyme-linked receptors?
Tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors,
What is a kinase?
Enzyme that adds phosphate groups to proteins
What is the common structure of enzyme-linked receptors?
single alpha helix that spans the membrane
