DNA replication (Genetics 4) Flashcards
What must a cell do to divide?
Grow, copy its genetic material and split into two daughter cells
What two major phases is the cell cycle divided into?
Interphase and mitotic phase
What occurs during interphase
the cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA
What occurs during the mitotic phase
the cell separates its DNA into two sets and divides its cytoplasm, forming two new cells
Semi-conservative replication
DNA acts as a template for its own replication
DNA Helicase
breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides
DNA Polymerase
synthesises DNA in the 5 to 3 direction
DNA Topoisomerase
relieves tension in the DNA
DNA Primase
syntheises RNA primers
Ribonucleases
degrades RNA Primers
DNA Ligase
joins DNA fragments
Telomerase
replicates the ends of the chromosome
Single-Strand Binding Protein
Binds and keeps both strands apart from each other
Leading Strand
Continuous DNA production
Lagging Strand
Discontinuous DNA production
Okazaki fragments
short DNA sequences produced on the lagging strand
Sliding clamp
Ring shaped protein, binds DNA polymerase to the DNA template
DNA primase
Found on the lagging strand, attaches RNA to the template
DNA polymerase III
adds nucleotides until it reaches the previous primer
RNase H
digests the RNA primer, leaving a gap
DNA polymerase
fills in the gaps between two okazaki fragments