Building Blocks 7 and 8, Amino acids and proteins Flashcards
What are amino acids made up of?
A carboxyl group and an amine group
What is the charge of an acid?
Positive
What is the charge of a base?
Negative
What does Proteinogenic mean?
They are the building blocks of proteins and then incorporated through specific mechanisms
What does non-proteinogenic mean?
biological functions beyond forming proteins eg. neurotransmitters, transporter proteins that are easily modified
Essential Amino Acids
Cannot be synthesised by the body and therefore must be obtained in the diet
Conditionally essential Amino Acids
In condition of stress a surplus of these amino acids need to be uptaken through the diet to cope with
body demand
Non-Essential
Can be synthetized by the body
What are the interactions in the tertiary protein structure?
Hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic interactions, Ionic Bonds, Disulphide bonds
What does aliphatic mean?
Forms a straight chain
What does aromatic mean?
Forms a ring
What is an example of a non-proteinogenic amino acid?
GABA (neurotransmitter)
What is the structure of an alpha helix?
hydrogen bonds between the NH and CO, not a hollow structure just a tight spiral
What are some properties of B pleated sheets?
zig-zag shape, flexible but not elastic
What interactions are found in the tertiary structure?
Hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic interactions, Electrostatic interactions
