Mendels genetics 1 Flashcards
What is Mendel’s 1st postulate of genetics?
The unit of genetic inheritance is alleles
What is Mendel’s 2cd postulate of genetics?
There is a concept of Dominance/ Recessiveness
What is Mendels 3rd postulate of Genetics?
Segregation occurs randomly during gamete formation ‘Mendels first law of inheritance’
What is Mendels 4th Postulate of Genetics?
Independent assortment occurs ‘Mendel’s second law of inheritance’
What is Heritability?
The proportion of variation that is attributable to genetic differences
What is Genetics?
The science of inheritance
What are alleles?
The unit of genetic inheritance
What is a gene?
a DNA segment that contains the regulatory and coding sequences for appropriate expression of the gene product
What si the most common allele called?
Major or ‘wildtype’
What is true breeding?
Parents produce offspring with the same phenotype
What is a genotype?
the assortment of alleles an individual has
What is a phenotype?
Physical expression of genes an individual has
Complete dominance
When phenotypes of heterozygotes are Dominant homozygotes are identical
Incomplete dominance
F1 Hybrids are somewhere between the phenotypes of two parental varieties
Codominance
two dominant alleles both affect the phenotype in distinguishable ways
What is Epistasis
When the gene at one locus influences the expression of a gene at another locus
What is a locus?
Part of a gene
When does recombination take place?
During prophase 1 of meiosis
When are alleles more likely to be separated?
If they are further apart on the chromosome
How do you calculate heritability?
Genetic variance over genetic variance + phenotypic variance
What is the goal of selective breeding?
To genetically improve the heritable qualities of a population in a certain direction
What is Pleiotropy?
Genes having multiple effects
