Soc 15 The Structure of The Heart

Question 1

3 main functions if the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Transports organds, ite helps clot blood, it controls the bodies temputure

Question 2

Cardio-respiratory system

Answer 2

The lungs interaction if the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscle during exercise

Question 3

Cardiovascular

Answer 3

To do with the heart,blood vessels together

Question 4

Vasodilation

Answer 4

When veins swell up or dilate widening of the internal diametere (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow

Question 5

Vasoconstriction

Answer 5

When veins shrink down; narrowing of the internal diameter(lumen) of the blood vessels to decrease blood flow

Question 6

Vascualr shunting

Answer 6

Your muscles need more blood for movement and so
move away from the organs to the muscles
• The process is called vascular shunting
• Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels
constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles
• Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up

Question 7

What are the 4 charactersitics of Arteries

Answer 7

Arteries take blood away from the heart
• Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
• The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles
• The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 8

What are the 4 characteristics of veins

Answer 8

Veins carry blood into the heart
• Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower
pressure
• Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood
{rary the lungs back to the heart

Question 9

What are the 4 characteristics of capillaries

Answer 9

Capilaries are microscopic vessels -just one cell thick
• At one end, capilaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and
notrients to the musciles
At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste
products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
Cao
Ilaries are where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 10

What is the role of the pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Brings oxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 11

What is the role of the pulmonary artery

Answer 11

Bringing deoxyganted blood to the lungs

Question 12

What is the role of vena cava

Answer 12

Brings oxygenated blood from the body

Question 13

What is the role of aorta

Answer 13

Oxygenated blood to the body

Question 14

What is the importance of red blood cells

Answer 14

• Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon
dioxide from the cells to the lungs
•they contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
• This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require
more oxygen when running.

Question 15

What is the importance of white blood cells

Answer 15

• The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
• Theyhave an important function as the defence system of the body
• They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
• If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/ perform.

Question 16

What is the importance of platelets

Answer 16

•Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop bleeding
Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
• When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular
shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
• If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the
bleeding
de

Question 17

What is the importance of plasma

Answer 17

• The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the
parts of the body that need it
• Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps
remove this waste from the body