Soc 14: The Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscles
Voluntary
Involuntary
Cardiac
What are voluntary muscles
These are under your control.
What are Involuntary muscles
These are not under out control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. E.g. digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.
What are cardiac muscles
These are only found in the wall of the heart. It is a very special type of involuntary muscle. Made of interlaced fibres that send electronic signals from the brain to heart so all the cells can contract together. This regulates your heart rate
Function of the deltoid
To move the arm in all directions at the shoulder
Function of the pectoralis major
Adduct the arm at the shoulder
Latissimus dorsi
Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder
Biceps
Flex the arm at the elbow
Triceps
Extend the arm at the elbow
External obliques
Pull the chest downwards, flex and rotate the spinal column.
Gluteals
Adduct and extend the leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards
Hip flexors
Flex the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body
What are muscle fibres
Make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type 1, type 2a and type 2b.
What are type 1 muscle fibres
Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.
What are type 2a muscle fibres
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistence to fatigue
