Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2. Smith and EIM > Smith 5 - Liver Dz > Flashcards

Smith 5 - Liver Dz Flashcards

1
Q

where does cell division take place

A

Rappaport’s zone 1; portal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hemorrhage in liver disease

A

failure to synthesize factors:

II, V, VII, IX, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

icterus is seen in

A

acute dz, not chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ascites cause

A

portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

photosensitization

A

phylloerythrin - formed from chlorophyl degredation; should be excreted into bile, but in dz gets carried to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemolytic crisis

A
  • horses only

- increased RBC fragility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SDH

A

elevated in acute disease only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GDH

A

not elevated in chronic dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LDH

A

acute only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

leakage enzymes

A 
AST
SDH
OCT
GDH
LDH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cholestasis enzymes

A

GGT
ALP
– chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

albumin

A

reduced in chronic dz; half life 14-20 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indicators of poor prognosis

A 
albumin <2.5g/dL
increased globulin
PT >30% normal
elevated GGT/ALP + SDH/LDH normal to low
fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most common cause of acute hepatitis in north america

A

theilers dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

equine parvovirus hepatitis

A
  • theilers

- acute necrotizing hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

theilers

A
  • acute hepatic failure
  • blood product administration 1-3 months ago
  • fever absent or rare
  • dishrag liver
  • widespread necrosis, esp centrolibar and midzonal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

black disease

A
  • sheep
  • c. novyi type B, alpha and beta toxins
  • fasciola hepatica
  • paracute death, fever, venous congestion under the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

red water

A
  • bacillary hemoglobinuria
  • c. hemolyticum
  • beta toxin
  • hemoglobinuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tyzzer’s dz

A
  • clostridium piliforme (E and R1)
  • acute hepatitis in foals
  • age 7-42 d
  • acute to peracute; depression, fever, colic, D+, -> blind, coma, death
  • +/- icterus!
  • overwhelming sepsis
  • hypoglycemia, acidosis
  • increased bilirubin, BAs, SHD, GGT, AST, ALP, LDH-5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EHV-1 dz in foals born

A
  • hepatic, resp, GI dz
  • commonly icteric
  • severe multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, inclusion bodies
  • do NOT have elevated liver enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how can NI cause liver damage

A
  • chronic hepatic hypoxia
  • multiple blood transfusions (iron overload)
  • Tx: give deferoxamine to chelate iron before blood transfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

iron toxicity in foals

A
  • if iron is given before colostrum
  • hepatic encephalopathy and icterus
  • high ammonia, bilirubin, GGT, ALP, PCV, SDH
  • prolonged PTT and PT
23
Q

PSS in foals

A
  • rare

- CS appear at 2-3 months old

24
Q

PSS in calves

A
  • encephalopathy signs and tenesmus
25
Morgan Foal hepatic failure
- CS appear after weaning; depression and weight loss - elevated liver enzymes and ammonia - fatal; terminal hemolytic crisis
26
GBED
glycogen branching enzyme deficiency - fatal autosomal recessive disease of QH - cannot store and mobilize glycogen to maintain glucose homeostasis
27
chronic active hepatitis
- progressive, insidious onset - GGT and ALP elevated more than others - small fibrotic liver - diagnosed on biopsy - roids or abx, NSAIDs, VitE, pentoxy
28
PA toxicity
- liver failure - PAs are activated to toxic alkaloids (pyrrole) in the liver - cross link DNA = anti-mitotic effect - cells die and are replaced with fibrosis - venous occlusion = portal hypertension = D+ and ascites in ruminants but not horses
29
Enzymes in PA
- SDH/GDH/LDH may elevate initially but be normal by the time CS develop - GGT and ALP, BAs very elevated - proteins usually normal Fibrosis + bile duct proliferation + megalocytosis
30
most common PA plants
senecio and crotalaria species - tansy ragwort - stinking willow - common groundsel - rattlebox
31
lantana
necrosis and canalicular collapse
32
cottonseed / gossypol
necrosis + cardiac lesions
33
alsike clover
portal fibrosis + biliary hyperplasia
34
moldy alfalfa
biliary hyperplasia, necrosis
35
mycotoxins
centrilobar necrosis, biliary hyperplasia, megalocytosis
36
hepatic abscess causes
- fusobacterium necrophorum subs. necrophorum - leukotoxin is cytotoxic to PMNs, macrophages hepatocytes, and ruminal epithelial cells - 2nd most common is truperella pyogenes
37
hepatic abscesses in cattle
- bacteria enter from a primary site (TRP, rumen wall lesions caused by acidosis) - spread through portal vein - usually detected at slaughter - may embolize - CVCT
38
hepatic abscesses in horses
- Gi disease | - streps, e coli, bacteriodes fragiis, corynebacterium PT, f. necrophorum, peptostrep
39
fat cow syndrome
- dairy cows post partum - NEB induced fat mobilization - depressed / weak / off feed - elevated OCT, bilirubin, AST, trigly, cholesterol, NEFAs - fat liver is more hyperechogenic on US - gold standard is biopsy: classify liposis
40
preg tox
- ewes and does late gestation (last 2-4wks) - anorexia, depression, recumbency, neuro signs - ketonuria - acidosis, low Ca and K levels - BHB elevate Tx: administer glucose and remove the fetuses
41
hyperlipemia in ponies
- fatty liver and serum cloudy with lipids - triglycerides >500mg/dl - overproduction of VLDL - severe / life threatening
42
hyperlipidemia in ponies
- mildly elevated TG (100-500mg/dl) - clear plasma - no evidence of hepatic dysfunction
43
Gilbert's syndrome
- congenital - unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - normal erythrocyte life span - failure of unconj bilirubin to cross the liver cells and become conjugated - sheep
44
Dubin-johnson syndrome
- failure of conj bilirubin to enter bile canaliculi | - sheep
45
Rift Valley fever
enzootic hepatitis - acute fever, anorexia, weakness, salivation, D+, and pain - hepatomegaly and hemorrhage - arthropod spread
46
telangiectasia
sawdust livers | - re-brown foci in cattle livers
47
flow-limited drugs
- quickly and efficiently extracted by the liver - rate of elimination limited by hepatic blood flow - increase dose in patients w liver dz
48
capacity-limited drugs
- slowly extracted by the river - elimination is independent of blood flow - dependent on hepatocellular uptake and metabolism
49
choledocholithiasis
stones in the common bile duct
50
hepatolithiasis
stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts above the right and left hepatic ducts
51
CS of choleliths
* recurrent abdominal pain, intermittent pyrexia, and icterus - increased liver enzymes, BAs, bilirubin, glob and fibrinogen - parallel channel sign (dilated inter hepatic biliary radicals adjacent to portal vein) on US
52
SAMe
- augments glutathione synthase levels in the hepatocyte - stabilizes membrane function - modifies cytokine expression - inhibits apoptosis
53
pentoxifylline
prevents micro thrombosis

2. Smith and EIM (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions