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2. Smith and EIM > Smith 2 - Manifestations of Dz > Flashcards

Smith 2 - Manifestations of Dz Flashcards

1
Q

Most likely cause of epistaxis in cattle

A

CVCT - caudal vena cava thrombosis

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2
Q

CVCT

A

culminates in rupture of pulmonary artery aneurysm into a bronchus

tachypnea, lethargy, painful cough, melena, anemia –> red foamy d/c, severe resp distress

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3
Q

Toxic Causes of Epistaxis in Ruminants

A

mercury, arsenic, warfarin, diphacinone, furazolidone, trichloroethylene-extracted feed, oak/acorn, bracken fern, moldy sweet clover, phytogenous selenium, oxalate, stachybotryotoxicosis, mycotoxicosis

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4
Q

Toxic Causes of Epistaxis in Horses

A

arsenic, warfarin, dicoumarol, stachybotrys, plants, moldy sweet clover, PA, fiddle neck, tansy ragwort

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5
Q

Toxic Causes of Cough in Horses

A

crofton weed, a-naphthyl thiourea, pentachlorophenol, organophosphate, carbamate

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6
Q

Common Causes of Cough in Ruminants

A 
mannheimia hemolytica / pasturella multocida
shipping fever, enzootic calf pneumonia
histophilus somni pneumonia
lungworm
chronic abscesses - arcanobacterium pyogenes
IBR, BHV-1
BRSV
parainfluenza virus 3
mycoplasma pneumonia
necrotic laryngitis / calf diphtheria
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7
Q

Toxic Causes of Cough in Ruminants

A

organophosphate, carbamate, mercury, iodine, insect fogging, levamisole (O/C), nitrogen dioxide, hairy vetch, sneeze weed, aflatoxins (C)

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8
Q

Drugs that cause increased temp

A

penicillins, sulfonamides, erythromycin, antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine, amphotericin b

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9
Q

Toxins causing increased temp in the horse

A

cantharidin, selenium, arsenic, mercury, chlorinated hydrocarbons, dinitrophenol, propylene glycol, trichloroethylene extracted feed

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10
Q

Plant Toxins causing increased temp in the Horse

A

PA, algae, castor bean, water hemlock, jimsyn weed, mycotoxins

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11
Q

Toxins causing increased temp in Ruminants

A

Arsenic, selenium, mercury, zinc, oil, kerosine, chlorinated hydrocarbons, iodine, paraquat, dinitrophenol, propylene glycol, trichloroethylene extracted feed, halothane

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12
Q

Plant Toxins causing increased temp in Ruminants

A

fescue, ergot, PA, algae, brassica, bracken fern, castor bean, water hemlock, milkweed, buttercup, rhododendron, gossypol, jimsyn weed

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13
Q

Infectious causes of Fever in the Horse

A

URT virus, strangles, pneumonia, GI parasites, enteritis, salmonella, PHF, DPJ, Endotoxemia, septicemia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, tracheal. abscess, peritonitis, tetanus, cellulitis / tenosynovitis, occult abscess, tumors

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14
Q

Infectious causes of fever in Ruminants

A

mastitis, metritis, pneumonia, hardware, peritonitis, septic neonate, GI toxemia, enteritis, abscesses, endocarditis, listeria, tetanus, BVD, foot rot, otitis media or interna, clostridial infections, histophilus somni, mycoplasma, m. Bovis, verminous pneumonia

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15
Q

Neoplastic causes of fever

A

ALL: lymphosarsoma
Horses: metastatic melanoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma

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16
Q

Causes of hemoptysis in ruminants

A

CVCT, aspiration pneumonia, pharyngeal/retrop abscess or trauma, thoracic trauma, FB, pulmonary aspergilliosis

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17
Q

Cyanosis

A

Hb saturation <80%
PaO2 usually <40mmhg
must have adequate Hb concentration

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18
Q

Causes of increased capillary permeability

A

trauma, infection, Endotoxemia, hypersensitivity vasculitis

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19
Q

Causes of increased hydrostatic pressure

A

CHF, venous thrombosis, liver dz obstructing portal vein, lymphadenopathy, cranial mediastinal mass, limb immobilization

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20
Q

Causes of enlarged LNs in ruminants

A

Caseous lymphadenitis - corynebacterium pt
Lymphosarcoma - bovine leukosis virus
Abscess / cellulitis

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21
Q

Causes of melena in Ruminants

A

abomasal ulcer, intussusception

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22
Q

VS

A
  • cattle, horses, rarely sheep
  • vesicles -> large ulcers, tongue involved
  • teats and feet too
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23
Q

Bluetongue

A
  • sheep, rarely goats or cattle
  • large oral ulcers, esp dental pad and tongue, + gen vasculitis
  • coronitis, muscle degeneration, lameness, pulmonary edema, face and ear edema
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24
Q

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)

A
  • sheep, goats
  • proliferative scabby lesion on lips, fleshy growth on gums
  • can be on dams teats
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25
Q

Bovine papular stomatitis

A
  • round, dark red, raised papule on muzzle and hard palate

- sometimes esophagus

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26
Q

Foot-and-mouth

A
  • Cattle, sheep, goats
  • vesicles -> large ulcers
  • teats and coronary bands
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27
Q

BVD/MD

A
  • ulcers on hard palate, erosive stomatitis

- skin lesions, corneal edema, enlarged LNs, pneumonia, esophageal lesions, diarrhea

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28
Q

MCF - malignant catarrhal fever

A
  • cattle and bison
  • erosive stomatitis with ulcers, gen vasculitis
  • purulent nasal discharge, corneal edema, enlarged LNs, cracking skin, CNS signs, severe D+, high fever
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29
Q

Pestes des Petits ruminants (PPR)

A
  • sheep and goats
  • erosive stomatitis
  • severe D+, purulent ocular and nasal d/c
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30
Q

Alimentary IBR

A
  • calves
  • gray pinpoint pustules on soft palate and nares
  • MINIMAL oral lesions
  • rhinotracheitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia
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31
Q

Icterus in Ruminants - Liver

A

PA, aflatoxicosis, fatty liver / fat cow syndrome

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32
Q

Hemolytic Icterus in Ruminants

A

Lepto, anaplasmosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, piroplasmosis, babesiosis

anaplas = RBCs in cattle but neutrophils in horses!

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33
Q

Lesion Location - Ataxia

A

spinocerebellar tracts, spinal cord, brainstem, vestibular, cerebellum

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34
Q

Lesion Location - conscious proprioceptive deficit

A

fasiculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus and connections, spinal cord, brainstem, forebrain

35
Q

Lesion Location - knuckling

A

usually LMN, ventral horn gray matter, SC

can be UMN, SC, brainstem

36
Q

Lesion Location - abduction or adduction

A

spinocerebellar tracts, SC, brainstem, cerebellum

37
Q

Lesion Location - hypermetria

A

cerebellum, cerebellar peduncles, spinocerebellar tracts

38
Q

Lesion Location - circling

A

forebrain, vestibular nuclei, cerebellum

39
Q

Lesion Location - paraplegia

A

UMN T2-S2

LMN L3-S2

40
Q

Lesion Location - hemiplegia

A

ipsilateral brainstem or SC, cranial to T3

41
Q

Lesion Location - coma

A

ARAS, diffuse forebrain

42
Q

Lesion Location - obtunded

A

ARAS, forebrain

43
Q

Lesion Location - seizures

44
Q

Lesion Location - Head pressing, compulsive walking

45
Q

Lesion Location - hyper/hypophagia

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

Lesion Location - stiff neck

A

meninges or C spine

47
Q

Lesion Location - head tilt

A

vestibular nuclei and medulla, cerebellum

48
Q

Lesion Location - head tremor

A

cerebellum, basalganglia

49
Q

Lesion Location - blindness

A

cerebral cortex, internal capsule, optic tracts, optic chasm, optic nerve, eye

50
Q

Lesion Location - mydriasis

A

oculomotor nerve, midbrain, optic nerve, eye

51
Q

Lesion Location - miosis

A

vagosympathetic trunk, ciliary ganglia, tectum, brainstem, C spinal cord

52
Q

Lesion Location - ptosis

A

facial n, vagosympathetic trunk, cranial cervical ganglion, midbrain, oculomotor nerve, C C,

53
Q

Lesion Location - ventrolateral strabismus

A

cerebellum, vestibular nucleus, oculomotor nerve

54
Q

Lesion Location - dorsomedial strabismus

A

trochlear nerve

55
Q

Lesion Location - medial strabismus

A

abducent nerve

56
Q

Lesion Location - horizontal nystagmus

A

Nerve VIII (peripheral)

57
Q

Lesion Location - vertical nystagmus

A

vestibular nuclei, peripheral vestibular receptor, cerebellum, vestibulocochlear nerve

58
Q

Lesion Location - jaw drop

A

trigeminal motor nucelus (pons), trigem

59
Q

Lesion Location - flaccid tongue

A

hypoglossal nucleus (medulla), hypoglossal n, lingual m

60
Q

Lesion Location - facial paralysis

A

facial nucleus (medulla), facial n. or muscles

61
Q

Lesion Location - facial analgesia

A

sensory trigeminal n, pons, forebrain

62
Q

Lesion Location - dry eye

A

cranial nerve VII

63
Q

Neurologic signs of copper deficiency

A

demyelination, pathologic vertebral fractures

-ataxia, recumbency

64
Q

Neurologic signs of Vit E deficiency

A

demyelination

-ataxia, recumbency

65
Q

Neurologic signs of Vit A deficiency

A

encephalopathy, convulsions, blindness

66
Q

Neurologic signs of Mg deficiency

A

grass tetany, transport tetany, milk tremors

-convulsions, tremors, ataxia

67
Q

Neurologic signs of K deficiency

A

weakness, postpartum recumbency

68
Q

Neurologic signs of Ca or P deficiency

A

milk fever, pathologic vertebral fractures, tetany

-weakness, ataxia, recumbency

69
Q

Neurologic signs of Vit E / selenium deficiency

A

nutritional myodegeneration

-weakness, ataxia, recumbency, sudden death

70
Q

UMNs

A

UMNs are nerve cells completely within the CNS, cell bodies in the brain and axons that terminate in the brain or SC

71
Q

Signs of UMN diseases

A

normal to increased spinal reflexes, variable weakness, variable increased m tone or spasticity

72
Q

Signs of LMN diseases

A

decreased spinal reflexes, ataxia, mod to severe weakness, flaccid muscle tone, rapid atrophy of denervated muscles

73
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN I

A

loss of smell

74
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN II

75
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN III

A

ventrolateral strabismus, ptosis, dilated non responsive pupil

76
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN IV

A

dorsomedial strabismus

77
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN V

A

dropped or deviated jaw, loss of sensation to head and face

78
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN VI

A

medial strabismus

79
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN VII

A

facial paralysis, loss of taste rostral 2/3 tongue, decreased tear and saliva production

80
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN VIII

A

deafness, vestibular signs

81
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN IX, X, XI

A

dysphagia, laryngeal paralysis

82
Q

Signs of dysfunction - CN XII

A

tongue paralysis

83
Q

Pain hypersensitivity

A

manifests as hyperalgesia (exaggerated responses to painful stimuli) and allodynia (pain resulting from normally innocuous stimuli

2. Smith and EIM (22 decks)

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