EIM 8 Resp

Question 1

SURFACTANT PROTEINS SP-A AND SP-D ARE:

A) antimicrobial​
B) hydrophilic ​
C) Belong to the collectin family​
D) Provide innate defense ​

Answer 1

All!
​
Macrophage activation, facilitation of chemotaxis, enhance respiratory burst, inflam cytokine expression, resolve pulmonary inflammation​

Question 2

WHERE ARE MYCOTIC PLAQUES MOST LIKELY TO FORM?​

Answer 2

roof of the medial compartment - internal carotid artery​

lateral wall of the lateral compartment - external carotid​

Question 3

MOST CASES OF PHARYNGEAL LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA RESPOND WELL TO:

Answer 3

reduced activity, topical and systemic antiinflammatory therapy

Question 4

In what breed has heritability of severe Equine Asthma (RAO) been demonstrated?

Answer 4

Warmbloods

Question 5

In what region of the United States does summer pasture associated recurrent airway obstruction occur (with pollen)?

Answer 5

Southeast

Question 6

How an you differentiate fibrosis/restrictive pulmonary disease from RAO on clinical exam?

Answer 6

Fibrosis/restrictive pulmonary disease is characterized by inspiratory distress;
RAO by expiratory distress

Question 7

Although triamcinolone (0.09 mg/kg IM) can relieve lower airway obstruction for up to 4 weeks, what are the downsides?

Answer 7

Adrenal suppression for 4 weeks
Hyperglycemia for 4 days
Hypertriglyceridemia for 4 days

Question 8

How long does adrenal suppression with systemic dexamethasone administration last?

Answer 8

3 days

Question 9

Which is more potent to reduce inflammation of BALF cytology?

Answer 9

IV dex > oral pred

Question 10

What makes fluticasone an ideal drug for treating RAO?

Answer 10

Very lipophilic
Low oral bioavailability
Extensive first pass metabolism

Question 11

Which of the following classes of drugs are most effective for bronchodilator therapy?

Answer 11

Parasympatholytic

Beta2-agonists

Question 12

Where is the predominant area of hemorrhage in horse with EIPH?

Answer 12

Caudodorsal

Question 13

What percentage of racing Thoroughbreds have blood within the trachea when scoped within 2 hours of racing?

Answer 13

43-75%

Question 14

What is the overall prevalence of EIPH believed to be in Thoroughbred racehorses when the horses are repeatedly examined?

Answer 14

85%

Question 15

What is the prevalence of EIPH in the general population?

Answer 15

10-70%

Question 16

What two things occur during exercise in horses to induce the capillary stress failure of EIPH?

Answer 16

High pulmonary capillary pressure

low inspiratory alveolar pressures

Question 17

In what percentage of racehorses with EIPH is epistaxis observed?

Answer 17

5%

in more severe cases

Question 18

Which correlates the best with EIPH severity?

Answer 18

Hemosiderin score (cytoplasmic calculation of iron in alveolar macs)

Question 19

DDSP

Answer 19

expiratory noise

prevalence 10-20% in race horses

Question 20

RLN

Answer 20

inspiratory noise

more prevalent in drafts

Question 21

What is the cause of epiglottic entrapment?

Answer 21

A: idiopathic / not entirely understood​
B: congenital epiglottic hypoplasia​
C: inflammation of URT structures​

Question 22

Arytenoid chondritis ​

Answer 22

infectious process, broad-spectrum antibiotics rarely curative​

Question 23

which type influenza infects horses?​

Answer 23

Type A – H3N8 (equine – 2 – influenza)​

Question 24

Foals infected with EHV-1 in-utero are

Answer 24

unlikely to survive despite appropriate intensive care​

Question 25

Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in horses with EMPF:​

Answer 25

sildenafil with furosemide​

Question 26

The etiology of NERDS is

Answer 26

Failure of final fetal pulmonary surfactant metabolism maturation​

Question 27

What are the core criteria of Eq NALI / NARDS

Answer 27

1. Acute onset (<72 hours) of tachypnea and labored breathing at rest​
2. Presence of known risk factors​
3. Evidence of pulmonary capillary leak without increased pulmonary capillary pressure​
4. Evidence of inefficient gas exchange​
   EqNALI: <300mmHg​
   EqNARDS: <200mmHg​

*5. Evidence of diffuse pulmonary inflammation - while this is recommended, it is optional​

Question 28

Which of the following provides the BEST evidence for persistent pulmonary hypertension?

a) Progressive refractory hypercapnic hypoxemia​
b) Right to left shunting without evidence of congenital cardiac abnormalities​
c) Failure of PaO2 to significantly increase after starting IN O2 therapy​
d) Identification of pulmonary disease on ultrasonography

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Transient tachypnea of the neonate is thought to be due to…

Answer 29

Immature thermoregulatory mechanisms

typically occurs in hot environments to gestationally mature animals; often also exhibit intermittent hyperthermia; care is supportive; need to rule out other causes of disease​

Question 30

EqNALI/EqNARDS

Answer 30

specifically refer to the subset of ALI/ARDS that occur in foals in the first week of life; differentiated due to changes in efficiency of gas exchange during this period