Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2. Smith and EIM > Smith 5 - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Smith 5 - Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

ASD is more common in

A

calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VSD location

A
  • mostly in the perimembranous septum
  • just ventral to aortic valve
  • <2.5cm
  • seen on LVOT echo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

loud, harsh, plateau shaped pan systolic murmur, PMI tricuspid area (R)

+ softer crescendo-descrendo holosystolic murmur in pulmonic area (L)

A

VSD murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

crescendo-decrescendo shaped, low to moderate intensity, non radiating murmur PMI L heart base

A

innocent flow murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

VSD shunt

A

L ventricle to R ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

continuous machinery murmur loudest in L ICS 3-4 at POS

A

PDA

- OR aortocardiac fistula in adult onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PDA occurs in

A

foals - should close by 96 hrs

calves - very rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

major risk with PDA

A

pulmonary artery dilatation and rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  • overriding aorta
  • VSD
  • obstruction of pulmonary flow (p stenosis)
  • RV hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does tetralogy occur

A

abnormal development of the conal septum, pulmonic stenosis, septum can’t close (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loud pan systolic murmur w/ palpable thrill loudest in L ICS 3-4
+ band shaped tricuspid murmur

A

Tetralogy

-will be crescendo-dec (pulmonic Sten) or harsh plateau shaped (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

holosystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur at L heart base in a calf

A

ASD - patent formen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

persistent truncus arteriosus

A

one arterial vessel leaves the heart above a VSD; coronary and pulmonary aa.s and aorta arise from this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pseudotruncus arteriosis

A

pulmonary blood supply comes from bronchial arteries or a PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most common aortic anomaly in calves / foals

A

dextropositioning or transposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heart located in the cervical region

A

ectopia cordis cervicalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common bacteria in endocarditis

A

strep, pasturella, actinobacillus, truperella pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

murmur PMI L base ICS 4

holosystolic musical de-crescendo

A

aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

murmur PMI L base ICS 3

A

pulmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tricuspid murmur

A

R ICS 3-4= horse

R ICS 2-3 = cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

widely radiating musical murmur with honking quality

A

major mitral valve ruptured chordae tendinae

  • respiratory distress!!
  • acute CV collapse, pulmonary edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

crescendo mid-systolic to late-sys or holo-sys murmur with PMI over the mitral valve in a horse

A

MV prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

signs of MR on echo

A

increase LA and LV dimensions, rounded LV apex, pattern of L volume overload

  • increased FS
  • decreased contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lesions associated with triscupid regurg

A

cattle - bacterial endocarditis

horses - none

25
effect of lung dysfunction on the heart - pulmonary hypertension, RV hypertrophy / dilation / failure
cor pulmonale
26
primary cause of cor pulmonale in cattle
high mountain disease / brisket disease | -hypoxic vasoconstriction due to altitude
27
brisket disease
- hypoxic vasoconstriction due to altitude >6000 feet - increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension - R sided pressure overload - jug vein distention and subcut edema - calves and yearlings moved from low to high altitude - fall and winter
28
PAP and HMD
PAP >49 at any elevation = greatest risk | PAP <35 at 5000 feet = good to breed
29
bacterial causes of myocarditis
staph aureus, strep equi, clostridium chauvoei, mycobacteria
30
viral causes of myocarditis
foot-and-mouth, EIA, EVA, e. flu, African horse sickness
31
nutritional causes of DCM
Vit E, selenium, or copper deficiency
32
CS of pericarditis
peripheral edema, jug distention and pulsations, tachypnoea or dyspnoea - tachycardia - muffled heart sounds + absent ventral lung sounds
33
ECG changes: decreased QRS amplitude, electrical alternans, ST segment elevation
pericarditis
34
eastern tent caterpillars
MRLS - also cause constrictive / fibrinous pericarditis
35
most common primary cardiac tumor
lymphosarcoma - right atrial myocardium in cattle, TR occurs | -die within 6 months
36
aortopulmonary fistulas and thoracic aortic rupture occur in what breed
Friesians - connective tissue disorder of the collagen or elastin?
37
spontaneous thromboembolism in horses
- parasites | - aorta, cranial mesenteric arteries
38
causes of arteriosclerosis in cattle
- excess VitD3 supplementation | - calcinogenic plants: solanum malacoxylon, centrum diurnal, or trisetum flavecens
39
cause of arteriosclerosis in horses
strongylus vulgaris
40
cattle usually have AF associated with
- GI disease | - have APCs
41
common cause of paroxysmal AF in horses
furosemide --> K depletion
42
murmurs >3/6 are present in __% AF cases
less than 50% in horses, even less in cattle
43
how to differentiate AF from sinus arrhythmia or second degree AV block
AF = no fourth heart sound audible
44
signs with V tach
jugular pulses + "bruit de cannon"
45
diagnosing myocardial injury
cTnI | CK- MB fraction >5%
46
diagnosing VT on ECG
4 or more VPCs | wide and bizarre QRSs
47
ECG findings with life threatening VT
- multifocal origin for VPCs - torsades de pointes (Wide VT) - "R on R" - r wave superimposed on the previous t
48
polycythemia and tetralogy
uncommon in foals and calves
49
common congenital cause of cyanosis
tetralogy
50
ASD is frequently
asymptomatic
51
most common valvular dz in the horse
aortic regurg with degenerative changes
52
most common valvular dz in cattle
pulmonic regurg with endocarditis
53
widely radiating murmur with a distinctive honking quality
major mitral valve chordal rupture
54
Severe aortic and mitral valve regurgitation can eventually cause
venous pulmonary hypertension.
55
effusive pericarditis
Consequences associated with physical presence of fluid Removal of pericardial fluid is beneficial
56
constrictive pericarditis
Reduction in ventricular compliance due to fibrinous or fibrotic involvement of the pericardium or epicardium Removal of pericardial fluid is of limited benefit
57
paroxysmal AF
converts to normal sinus in 24-42 hours on its own
58
the most common VSD location is
perimembranous located ventral to the tricuspid leaflet, and below the junction of the right and noncoronary cusps of the aortic valve
59
the most common congenital heart defect in horses is
VSD

2. Smith and EIM (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions