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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Small Ruminant Viral Diseases and Miscellaneous Conditions > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Viral Diseases and Miscellaneous Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

The etiology of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)

A

Lentivirus

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2
Q

What are the 2 syndroms that can be caused by

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)?

A

Leukoencephalomyelitis

or

Chronic Arthritis

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3
Q

Which of the 2 syndromes associated with

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) is most common?

A

Chronic Arthritis

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4
Q

Which syndrome associated with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)

are young animals less than 1 year old more likely to get?

A

Leukoencephalomyelitis

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5
Q

Which syndrome associated with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)

are animals over 6 months old more likely to get?

A

Chronic arthritis

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6
Q

T/F:

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) is spread via direct contact

A

FALSE

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7
Q

How is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) spread?

A

Spread to kids ingesting infected colostrum at birth

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8
Q

T/F:

A goat that grazes on its knees most likely has footrot

A

FALSE!

A SHEEP grazing on its knees most likely has footrot.

A GOAT most likely has CAE

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9
Q

A 2 year old goat presents with hard udder and

slowly progressive pain and swelling of its carpus joints.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)

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10
Q

A 3 month old goat presents with tetraparesis,

but is eating and drinking normally and is BAR.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)

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11
Q

What is the preferred diagnostic test used to identify

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)?

A

ELISA

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12
Q

How is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) treated?

A

IT IS NOT TREATED!

You must CULL affected animals

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)?

A

retrovirus

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14
Q

How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) transmitted?

A

Primary transmission: in milk

Secondary transmission: through nasal secretions and saliva

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15
Q

How long is the incubation period for Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)?

A

2 years!

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16
Q

Firm udder enlargement in sheep is known as

A

Hard bag

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17
Q

Hard bag in sheep is caused by this condition

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)

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18
Q

How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) diagnosed?

A

ELISA

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf)?

A

Parapox virus

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20
Q

Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf) is

enzootic in lambs and kids _______ months of age,

while older sheep have some immunity

A

3 - 6 months

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21
Q

You see a young animal with the lesions pictured.

Should you be concerned that you’ll catch it?

A

YES! Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf)

is ZOONOTIC (but self-limiting) in humans

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22
Q

Even though Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf) is most

common in animals 2 - 3 months old,

ewes can present with these lesions on their ________

A

udders

(from lambs nursing)

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23
Q

How is Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf) treated?

A

Symptomatically, no real tx.

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24
Q

How is Contagious Ecthyma (Scabby mouth, Orf) prevented?

A

Via live vaccine painted onto a scarified area of skin

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25
Q

What is the etiology of Scrapie?

A

prions

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26
Q

This reportable chronic wasting neurological disease in

sheep is classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

and is caused by prions

A

SCRAPIE

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27
Q

This breed of sheep is genetically susceptible to Scrapie

A

Suffolk sheep

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28
Q

What is the incubation period of Scrapie?

A

2-5 years

29
Q

What clinical sign is seen earliest in the disease course

of Scrapie in sheep?

A

PRURITIS

(and see sloughed off wool from rubbing against things)

30
Q

This sheep has been rubbing against things and its wool is

sloughed off.

What is your primary ddx?

A

SCRAPIE!

31
Q

A sheep presents with grinding of teeth, darting tongue movements,

and incoordination, specifically bunny hopping its back feet

and swayback of its back feet. It front legs have a hypermetric gait.

Sometimes you see head and neck tremors.

What is your primary ddx?

A

SCRAPIE- transmissible spongiform encephalopathy prion disease

32
Q

How is Scrapie diagnosed?

A

By using

third-eyelid lymphoid tissue biopsy and PrPSc assay

immunohistochemistry

33
Q

How is Scrapie treated?

A

NO TX!

34
Q

How long can sheep survive after the onset/diagnosis

of Scrapie?

A

1 - 6 months

35
Q

How is Scrapie controlled?

A

By identifying and culling infected sheep and

their entire herd!!

36
Q

What is the etiology of Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)?

A

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

37
Q

How is Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) transmitted?

A

In feces of infected animals that contaminates feed and water

38
Q

T/F:

In utero transmission of Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)

can occur

A

TRUE!

But it is rare

39
Q

T/F:

In sheep and goats, the major clinical sign of

Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) is profuse diarrhea

A

FALSE!!!

In COWS it is diarrhea,

in sheep and goats- soft feces, NOT diarrhea!

40
Q

What are the main clinical signs you see in sheep and goats

infected with Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)?

A

Emaciation, weakness, chronic weight loss

41
Q

What age group of sheep and goats

are usually affected by

Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)?

A

MATURE animals

42
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of

Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)?

A

FECAL CULTURE

(but can take up to 16 weeks for results!)

43
Q

What do you expect to see on histopath

of an animal with Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)?

A

ACID-FAST organisms

44
Q

New evidence suggests that

Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) is related to

________ Disease in humans

A

Crong’s Disease

45
Q

How is Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) treated?

A

NO TX!

Must TEST AND CULL!

46
Q

Is Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) reportable?

A

YES!

47
Q

What is the etiology of Listeriosis?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

48
Q

What are risk factors in sheep and goats

for Listeriosis?

A

Cold, wet weather

Immunosuppression

Feeding on silage or spoiled feed

49
Q

_______ is seen early in the disease course of Listeriosis,

but tends to go away

A

Fever

50
Q

In the winter, a few animals in a flock of sheep present with

circling, head pressing, and otitis.

Others are seen recumbent.

A few pregnant ewes have aborted.

You notice an old silo with damp green silage being used for feed.

What is your primary ddx and what could be the cause?

A

Listeriosis

due to SPOILED FEED and cold, wet weather

51
Q

How is Listeriosis diagnosed?

A

Tentative diagnosis based on

CSF tap with increased monocytes and protein

52
Q

How is Listeriosis treated?

A

ABx, but rarely works and animals usually die.

53
Q

How is Listeriosis controlled and prevented?

A

Avoidance of feeding silage.

Rejecting silage with a pH > 5

54
Q

Thin Ewe/Doe Syndrome typically affects _______ animals

A

ADULT

55
Q

Thin Ewe/Doe Syndrome affects ________ animals in the herd.

If ALL animals are thin, consider ________ or ________ disease

A

Thin Ewe/Doe Syndrome affects 1 -2 animals in the herd.

If ALL animals are thin, consider parasitic or nutritional disease

56
Q

What is “late cut” hay?

A

Hay cut once the plant is mature- increased fiber but less nutrients

57
Q

What is “weathered hay”?

A

Hay that has been cut and then rained on- brown and loses nutrients

58
Q

What are the 2 major causes of Thin Ewe/Doe Syndrome?

A

Inadequate nutrition (late cut or weathered hay)

Diseases (LAMENESS- Foot rot, CAE)

59
Q

Urolithiasis is usually only a clinical disease in

_______ sheep and goats

A

MALE

(females have wider urethras and can pass stones)

60
Q

What are the risk factors for Urolithiasis?

A

Male animals

Castrated animals

Decreased water availability

Inadequate salt intake

Feeding high grain rations

61
Q

Why is feeding high grain rations a risk factor for

Urolithiasis?

A

Grain has

HIGH phosphorus

and

LOW calcium

62
Q

A few male castrated goats present with

anorexia, depression, tenesmus, and is dribbling urine.

You notice the goats are being fed a lot of grain.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Urolithiasis

63
Q

How is Urolithiasis diagnosed?

A

Exam of the urethral process

(usual site of blockage because it is the narrowest part)

64
Q

If there is an outbreak of Urolithiasis in a sheep lot,

how do you treat it?

A

Add CALCIUM to the feed ratio

65
Q

If Urolithiasis is in the sigmoid flexure, how do you treat?

A

Abdominal sx and perineal urethrostomy

66
Q

If Urolithiasis is in the urethral process, how do you treat?

A

Snip off the urethral process

67
Q

How is Urolithiasis PREVENTED?

A

Adequate access to water and salt

Adding Ammonium Chloride to the ration

Maintain Ca/P ratio at 2:1

Avoid feeding high levels of magnesium

68
Q

What minerals are uroliths made of?

A

Phosphorus and Magnesium

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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