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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Cattle Dermatology > Flashcards

Cattle Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 species of lice that affect cattle?

A
  • Haematopinus eurysternus*
  • Linognathus vituli*
  • Solenptus capillatus*
  • Damalinia bovis*
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2
Q

Sucking lice can cause _______, especially in calves

A

anemia

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3
Q

______ lice tend to cause a rough shaggy hair coat

with patchy NON-pruritic alopecia

A

Biting lice

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4
Q

How is lice treated in cattle?

A

Avermectin/Ivermectin (Doramectin)

at 2 week intervals.

Must treat ALL animals

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5
Q

What are the 6 types of mites that affect cattle?

A
  • Psoroptes*
  • Chorioptes*
  • Psoregates*
  • Demodex*
  • Sarcoptes*
  • Trombicula*
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6
Q

This mite is more common in winter months and

results in decreased feed consumption, decreased weight gain,

and may predispose to resp. dz/stress.

A

Psoroptes

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7
Q

Lesions on the perineum and back of udders in cows

is known as

A

escutcheon

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8
Q

This mite is more common in the winter months

and causes escutcheon (lesions on the back of perineum and udders)

as well as intense pruritis.

A

Chorioptes

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9
Q

This mite causes mange in cattle, characterized by

intense pruritis, wrinkled skin, and wheals in the skin.

Will also see inflammation on the legs, udder, and perineum.

A

Sarcoptes

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10
Q

This mite is known as the “itch mite”

and is found in grass, hay, straw, or forage.

It is not a true parasite of the cow, but of the enviroment.

A

Trombicula

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11
Q

This fly lays eggs in fresh wounds. The maggots

bury deep into the wound.

This has been eradicated in the US and is reportable.

A

Cochliomyia homnivorax

SCREWWORM

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12
Q

The proper name for the

House Fly

A

Musca domestica

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13
Q

The proper name for the

Flesh Fly

A

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis

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14
Q

The proper name for the

Blue Bottle Fly

A

Calliphora erthrocephala

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15
Q

The proper name for the

Green Bottle Fly

A

Lucillia caesar

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16
Q

The proper name for the

Sheep Blow Fly

A

Phormia regina

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17
Q

The proper name for the

Secondary Screwworm Fly

A

Cochliomyia macellaria

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18
Q

The proper name for the

Face Fly

A

Musca autumnalis

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19
Q

This fly spread pinkeye bacteria by

feeding on secretions around the eyes.

A

Musca autumnalis (Face Fly)

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20
Q

The proper name for the

2 types of Horn Flies

A
  • Haematobia irritans*
  • Stephanfilaria*
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21
Q

This fly causes the most economic damage in the US and Canada.

Animals will stand in water and swish their tails

due to the intense irritation.

A

Haematobia irritans (Horn Fly)

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22
Q

Filarial dermatitis is transmitted by ______ flies

A

horn flies

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23
Q

Stephanfilaria causes Filarial Dermatitis.

Where do you see lesions on the cow if this is the cause?

A

Ventral midline

(Lesions are hairless and skin is thickened with fissures/cracks)

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24
Q

How are horn flies treated?

A

Pour-ons

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25
Q

The proper name for the

Stable Fly

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

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26
Q

The proper name for the

Horse Fly

A

Tabanus spp.

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27
Q

The proper name for the

Deer Fly

A

Chrysops spp.

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28
Q

These 3 flies bite, draw blood, and irritate,

and can transmit anaplasmosis

A

Stable Fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)

Horse Fly (Tabanus spp.)

Deer Fly (Chrysops spp.)

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29
Q

According to fly protection protocols,

when do you ear tag an animal with OP or pyrethroid?

A

When there is greater than

200-400 flies per animal

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30
Q

A bio-balanced fly program

utilizes this predator to eat flies (fly pupae)

A

Trichogramma wasp

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31
Q

What are the 4 types of ticks that affect cattle?

A
  • Ixodes*
  • Boophilus*
  • Dermacentor*
  • Amblyomma*
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32
Q

This tick is found in St. Kitts

and can carry Dermatophilus which carries Cowdria

which turns into Heartwater.

A

Amblyomma

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33
Q

This is the causative agent of Heartwater (Cowdria)

A

Dermatophilus

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34
Q

T/F:

Dermatophilus is not a threat to humans

A

FALSE!

It is zoonotic!

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35
Q

How is Amblyomma eradicated?

A

Bi-weekly dipping or pouring of ACARICIDES

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36
Q

The proper name for the

2 types of Warble Flies

that affect cattle

A
  • Hypoderma bovis*
  • Hypoderma lineate*
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37
Q

This type of fly lays eggs on the legs of cows.

The pupae burrow through and migrate dorsally through the skin

(drills holes in the skin).

A

Hypoderma bovis

38
Q

The adult flies of this species of fly

have NO mouthparts and exist only for reproduction.

Their larvae cause damage to cow hides.

A

Hypoderma bovis

39
Q

The pupae of these flies can migrate aberrantly through the CNS

and in rare cases, cause paresis.

A

Hypoderma bovis/lineate

(Warble Flies)

40
Q

How do you treat for Warble Flies (Hypoderma spp.)?

A

IVERMECTIN

41
Q

What are the 2 causative agents of

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

in cattle?

A
  • Trichophyton mentagrophytes*
  • Trichophyton verrucosum*
42
Q

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

of cattle occurs most commonly in _______ animals.

A

YOUNG

(adults have developed immunity)

43
Q

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

caused by Trichophyton spp.

often spontaneously resolves

under what conditions?

A

Spontaneously resolves when animals

are turned out into

sunlight/exposed to UV light

(inhibits fungus from growing on skin)

44
Q

Where on the body are

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) lesions typically found?

A

Face or hind end

45
Q

A young cow presents with

circular, non-pruritic lesions and patchy hair loss.

After being turned out into pasture,

he spontaneously gets better.

What is your primary differential?

A

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

46
Q

T/F:

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) is ZOONOTIC

47
Q

How is Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) spread?

A

By contact:

animals rub heads or hind ends together

48
Q

What time of year is most common to see

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?

49
Q

How is Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) treated?

A

By removal of crusts and application of medicine (topical or parenteral)

50
Q

What 4 topical medications can be used to treat

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) in cattle?

A

Iodine (Mild 2% tincture)

Copper Naphthenate (KopperTox)

Thiabendazole

Captan (plant spray- dilute for use on animals)

51
Q

What medication can be used parenterally

to treat Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) in cattle?

A

Thiabendazole

52
Q

What adjunctive therapy can be used in conjunction

with meds for treatment of Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?

A

Vitamin A and D

53
Q

T/F:

Dermatophilosis is caused by fungus

A

FALSE!

It is caused by bacteria.

DermatophyTOSIS is caused by fungi

54
Q

Cutaneous streptothricosis is also known as

A

Dermatophilosis/ RAIN SCALD

55
Q

Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)

is associated with this vector

A

Amblyomma tick

56
Q

In the US, Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)

is associated with muddy conditions and an animal with

immune system compromise, especially those with this virus

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

57
Q

Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)

can cause this problem in the heels of horses

when they walk through the grass resulting in infection

A

Strawberry Foot Rot

58
Q

Round lesions, paintbrush lesions, and wart/horn-like lesions

are characteristic of this dermatologic condition

seen in horses and cows.

A

Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)

59
Q

How is Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)

diagnosed?

A

Giemsa stain of exudate smears from lesions

show RAILROAD tracks on histo

60
Q

How do you treat

Dermatophilosis/Cutaneous Streptothricosis (Rain Scald)?

A

Procaine Penicillin G (PPG)

or

Doxycycline

61
Q

T/F:

Animals with papillomatosis are condemned at slaughter for meat.

A

FALSE!

Can still be used for meat! Not zoonotic!

62
Q

Papillomatosis (warts)

are most often found on this part of the body in cattle.

A

Head and neck

63
Q

How is bovine papillomatosis treated?

A

Removal

(which may stimulate immune response causing other warts to fall off)

or

Autogenous vaccine (created specifically for and from that animal’s warts)

64
Q

This viral skin condition causes blisters on the teats and udders

and is ZOONOTIC

A

Pseudocowpox

65
Q

Udder scaled is found between the front quarters,

between the udder and legs, and is often seen at parturition when

the udder is swollen.

It is associated with this bacteria.

A

Staphylococcus spp.

66
Q

This skin condition is caused by a fungus that

grows on the outside of plants and is associated with

fescue grass, wheat, and rye.

67
Q

Ergotism causes _______ in the feet, tail, and ears,

and the animal becomes lame and the skin falls off

(sloughing)

A

vasoconstriction

68
Q

Ergotism affects the feet of cattle in a very specific order.

What is that order?

A

left rear> right rear> left front> right front

69
Q

Fescue Toxicosis or “Summer Slump”

is associated with _________ fungal infection (endophyte)

A

Acremonium

70
Q

What is the most common clinical signs associated with

Fescue Toxicosis or “Summer Slump”?

A

Agalactia

(also see fever, scruffy hair coat, poor growth)

71
Q

_______ toxicosis causes

prolonged gestation, agalactia, and dystocia in MARES.

It is common to lose both mare and foal due to this toxicosis.

A

FESCUE toxicosis

72
Q

What are the 2 causative agents responsible for

primary photosensitization in cows and horses?

A

St. Johns Wort

Buckwheat

73
Q

This type of congenital photosensitization is seen in

HOLSTEIN and Limosine cattle

and results in anemia, red urine, and pink teeth.

74
Q

Oats, Rape, Clover, and Alfalfa can cause

Secondary (hepatogenous) photosensitization

due to this photodynamic agent accumulating due to liver damage.

A

Phylloerythrin

75
Q

This mycotoxin from the Pithomyces fungus,

grows on plants and is hepatotoxic,

causing secondary photosensitization.

The most common sign is facial eczema.

A

Sporodesmin

76
Q

What is a differential to consider if you

think you have photosensitization?

A

BLUETONGUE virus

(presents the same as photosensitization)

77
Q

What type of coat changes do you expect to see in cattle

with copper deficiency?

A

Faded coat color or a coat that changes color.

78
Q

How is copper deficiency treated in cattle?

A

Either a copper bullet (dissolves slowly in the animal)

Or increased food rations with copper

79
Q

What type of dairy cow is sensitive to copper

and therefore copper toxicosis?

A

Jersey cows

80
Q

This is a congenital disability to process Zinc, seen in Holsteins

and affects females only because the males die in utero.

A

Baldy Calf Syndrome

81
Q

The most common medicine to cause an allergic skin reaction

in cattle is

A

Penicillin

82
Q

________ reactions sometimes occur following cessation of milking

because cows are allergic to their own milk protein

A

Anaphylactic

83
Q

Cattle with pigment around their eyes are LESS at risk for

this tumor than cattle without pigment

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

84
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma is most common in this breed of cattle

85
Q

After surgical debulking, treat squamous cell carcinoma with

A

Hyperthermy

86
Q

The preferred treatment for pre-cancerous

squamous cell carcinoma lesions is

thermal treatment using __________

A

radiowaves

87
Q

Preferred non-surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

if it extends to the bones is ________

A

gamma radiation

88
Q

This is an abscess that starts to dissect muscle along fascial planes

resulting in much cellulitis and infection dispersed throughout the muscle.

89
Q

T/F:

3rd and 4th degree burns are NOT painful

90
Q

If you see a blister as a result of a burn,

it is a ______ degree burn

A

2nd degree

91
Q

How do you treat thermal burns?

A

Restoration of acid-base balance and fluid balance.

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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