Exam 2: Camelid Medicine Flashcards
Llama vs. Alpaca:
Larger, average weight 250 - 500 lbs
Llama
Llama vs. Alpaca:
Head shorter, square nose, ears straighter and more erect
Alpaca
Llama vs. Alpaca:
Fiber is more coarse, large diameter
Llama
Llama vs. Alpaca:
Guard hairs present in undercoat
Llama
Intact male camelid
Male, macho, stud
Castrated male camelid
Gelding
Unweaned male or female camelid
Cria
Weaned male or female camelid
Juvenile
Act of giving birth in camelids
Criation or birthing
Haircoat in camelids
FIBER (not fleece or wool)
Llama/Alpaca crossbreed
Huarizo
What are the 2 Alpaca subtypes?
Hyacaya
Suri (lack of crimp to fiber- ringlets)
The name for when a camelid is laying sternal with
front legs tucked
CUSH
sitting down, evasive behavior, seen with breeding
_______ teeth are present in both males and females;
represent the upper third vestigial incisor
and upper and lower canines
FIGHTING
Camelids lack these teeth in the upper arcade
Incisors
Llamas vs. Alpacas:
Incisors grow continously
ALPACAS only
Eye color of camelids is generally ________.
Blue less desirable- link to deafness
brown
The opening between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is known as the
_________
choanae
The rostral 1/2 of nasal planum in camelids is cartilage
making them _____________ breathers
OBLIGATE NASAL breathers
This anatomical characteristic in camelids is present on the
dorsal nasopharynx, making endotracheal intubation difficult
Nasopharyngeal diverticulum
Camelids lack a true
_______ _______ vein
external jugular vein
Camelids lack a true external jugular vein,
but the internal jugular vein is present in the same location.
Which side is larger?
RIGHT internal jugular vein is larger than the left
Camelids have _______ pairs of ribs
12
Thoracocentesis in camelids is performed between the
_______ intercostal space, 2-4cm dorsal to the costochondral junction
6th or 7th ICS
In regards to the GIT, Camelids are modified ruminants with
_______ stomach compartments
3
Which stomach compartment in camelids is the
largest, rumen-like; more secretory (bicarb and mucous)
Compartment 1
These 2 stomach compartments in camelids combined
function like the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum
C2 and C3
Only this compartment secretes acid in the camelid GIT
C3
How many rumenations per minute are normal in camelids?
3 - 4 per minute
(occur in the opposite direction of cattle)
T/F:
camelids do not have a gall bladder
TRUE
The liver of camelids is located completely on the
______ side of the abdomen
and is normally fibrated
right
What are the liver biopsy landmarks in camelids?
Right side, between ribs 11 and 12
In camelids, the spleen is attached to the left dorsal aspect of
this stomach compartment
C1
Are camelid kidneys
smooth (like sheep)
or
lobulated (like cattle)?
SMOOTH like sheep
What type of uterus do camelids have?
Bicornuate uterus
What type of placenta do camelids have?
Epitheliochorial placenta (like equines)
95% of pregnancies in camelids occur in the _______ horn
left
Congenital abnormalities of the female repro tract are common in
camelids. Name the 2 most common defects
Segmental aplasia
Double cervix
This muscle is responsible for directing the penis forward when erect
in camelids
Caudal preputial muscle
What accessory glands are present in camelids?
Prostate and bulbourethral gland
This anatomical characteristic is present at the level of the
bulbourethral glands in camelids, making urethral cathetherization
difficult. It is also a site for urinary obstruction
Urethral recess
_________ glands are present on the inside of the HIND legs in camelids
Metatarsal glands
________ glands are present on all 4 feet in camelids,
and have unknown function
Interdigital glands
Weight-bearing in camelids occurs on the thick pads of
_________ (not the toenails) leading to the “dropped pastern” appearance
P2/P3
Camelids are __________ ovulators
Induced
- A mature follicle (8 - 12 mm) must be present for ovulation to occur*
- Copulation stimulates release of LH and subsequent ovulation occurs within 2 days*
Copulation stimulates release of LH
and subsequent ovulation occurs within _____ days
2
T/F:
Llamas and Alpacas are seasonal breeders (short-day breeders)
FALSE!
Llamas and Alpacas are NON-SEASONAL breeders
In the courtship ritual of llamas and alpacas,
receptive females will lay down in a ______ position when
approached by a male
cush
Pregnancy diagnosis is based upon
progesterone levels >2ng/mL _______ days post-mating
or
rectal U/S at ______ days
Pregnancy diagnosis is based upon
progesterone levels >2ng/mL 15 - 20 days post-mating
or
rectal U/S at 25 days
The use of _________ has resulted in ACUTE DEATH in camelids!
Lutalyse
Pregnant female camelids should be vaccinated for
these diseases 60 days before birthing
Clostridium C, D, and T
This optional vaccine should only be given to breeding females
and followed by a booster 3 - 4 times per year
Leptospirosis
Which 2 vaccines should be given to llamas or alpacas
that are co-mingled or exposed to horses?
Equine rhinovirus and influenza
Describe the deworming protocol to follow to protect
your llamas and alpacas from meningeal worms
Deworm with IVERMECTIN once q4weeks from May-Nov
Deworm with FENBENDAZOLE once q4weeks from Dec-Apr
When do you perform fecal egg counts to evaulate the efficacy
of your meningeal worm protocol?
May and November
What is the causative agent of Meningeal Worm Infection
Parephalostrongylus tenuis
Chronic ocular discharge in an ALPACA may be due to a
___________ or a secondary infection
blocked nasal lacrimal duct
Normal alpaca crias should weigh ______ lbs
and
Normal llama crias should weigh ______ lbs
Normal alpaca crias should weigh 12 lbs
and
Normal llama crias should weigh 18 lbs
The stomach of a south american camelid has ____ compartments
3
The daily intake for most normal camelids is _____% body weight
1.5% BW
Crude fiber should be about _____% of the diet for camelids
20% only
- Often people will feed equine hay and they get TOO MUCH fiber, then die*
- of heat stroke*
In LLAMA practice, excessive alfalfa hay intake can cause _______ deficiency
ZINC
______ are the intermediate host for meningeal worm infection in camelids
Snails
To prevent meningeal worm infection in camelids you should
decrease cohabitation with ______
deer
Llamas vs. Alpacas:
Used for guard animals, pack animals, companion animals, fibers
Llamas
Llamas vs. Alpacas:
Smaller, used for craft items, fibers in many different colors
Alpacas
Vaccinations for camelids should include RABIES
because they get the ________ form of it
aggressive
Camelids are very susceptible to _______, just like equines
Tetanus
DO NOT CATCH LLAMAS BY THE _________.
Use the midline catch instead
neck
All injections should be below a line from
point of _______ to point of _______
shoulder; hip
- if an injection abscesses it will more likely cause severe damage*
- if higher than this line*
The jugular vein is located between the transverse processes and the
________
trachea
A way to get blood from a llama or alpaca by yourself-
bend over them with their neck resting on your thighs,
they put their neck down and the jugular distends via gravity
BUCK EYE Bleeding Technique
Permanent tooth eruption in camelids:
Incisors
2 - 4 years
Permanent tooth eruption in camelids:
Canine
2 - 3.5 years
Permanent tooth eruption in camelids:
Premolars
3.5 - 5 years
Permanent tooth eruption in camelids:
Molars
6 months - 4 years
How many permanent teeth do camelids have?
14 (or 16)
How many deciduous teeth do camelids have?
9 (or 11)
What do you use to trim fighting teeth in males and females (camelids)?
OB WIRE
T/F:
Alpacas are about half the size of Llamas
TRUE
What is beserk male syndrome?
a psychological condition suffered by human-raised llamas and alpacas that cancause them to exhibit dangerously aggressive behavior toward humans.
