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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Exam 2: Bovine Metabolic Diseases > Flashcards

Exam 2: Bovine Metabolic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Peak milk yield occurs at _____ weeks post-calving

A

8 weeks

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2
Q

Fatty Liver Syndrome has peak incidence from

_______ weeks post-partum

A

2 - 10 weeks

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3
Q

This syndrome is primarily seen in DAIRY cows

overfed during latter lactation or in those with a

long dry period

A

Fatty Liver Syndrome

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs seen in Fatty Liver Syndrome?

A

HIGH incidence of POST PARTUM disease

often accompanied by LEUKOPENIA

(often also have other issues like retained placenta or metritis)

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5
Q

How is Fatty Liver Syndrome treated?

A

50% glucose IV or 25% glucose/25% fructose IV

Protamine Zinc Insulin + Glucose

Choline + Niacin

PROPYLENE GLYCOL or SODIUM PROPRIONATE

ABx (for 2ndary infx)

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6
Q

______ ketosis occurs due to negative energy balance,

especially early in lactation

A

Primary

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7
Q

Secondary ketosis is related to ______, secondary to another dz

A

anorexia

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8
Q

Which form of ketosis is most likely to be seen?

A

Secondary ketosis

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9
Q

The nervous form of this condition in lactating cows occasionally occurs,

causing the cows to self-mutilate. Rabies is always a DDx for this.

A

Ketosis

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10
Q

What clinical signs do you expect to see with ketosis?

A

decreased appetite and milk production

some degree of hypocalcemia

odor of ketones on breath, urine, and in milk

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11
Q

What tests are used to diagnose ketosis?

A

Powder or Dipstick test

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12
Q

Ketones are more concentrated in _____ than in milk

A

urine

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13
Q

What drugs are used to stimulate gluconeogenesis in the treatment

of bovine ketosis

A

Dexamethasone/Flumethasone

or

Bovine Somatotropin

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14
Q

What is the best treatment for bovine ketosis?

A

500 cc of 50% glucose RAPID IV

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15
Q

The cow utilizes _______% of the glucose its given

when treating ketosis with 500 cc of 50% glucose rapid IV

A

80%

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16
Q

How do you prevent bovine ketosis?

A

Maintain proper BCS (3.5/5) from the dry period through calving

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17
Q

Pregnancy toxemia occurs more frequently in _______ cows and small ruminants

A

BEEF

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18
Q

Parturient paresis is also known as

A

milk fever

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19
Q

Which cow breeds are predisposed to milk fever?

A

Jersey and Guernsey

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20
Q

What calcium level do you expect to see in a Downer Cow?

A

7.5 mg/dL

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21
Q

What is the normal calcium level in a cow?

A

9 - 12 mg/dL

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22
Q

What happens if a non-lactating cow is fed a high calcium diet?

A

Parathyroid gland slows down and stops producing PTH,

resulting in decreased calcium mobilization

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23
Q

T/F:

Milk fever can be the basis for abomasal displacement, metritis, mastitis,

or anything that has to do with failure of muscle movement of internal organs

A

TRUE

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24
Q

You see a DOWN COW with COLD EARS.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Parturient Paresis (Milk Fever)

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25
Q

Stage _____ of Milk Fever happens very quickly and is often not seen.

It includes hypersensitivity, excitement, twitching, and incoordination

A

Stage 1

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26
Q

A cow in sternal recumbency with head to the side, and signs related to

lack of muscular activity (failure of defecation or urination, slightly bloated),

subnormal temperature and dilated pupils is in

this stage of MILK FEVER

A

Stage 2

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27
Q

In this stage of Milk Fever,

all muscles are flaccid, and cow is unable to remain in sternal recumbency,

so it falls into lateral recumbency.

It runs the risk of aspirating and dying

A

Stage 3

28
Q

How is milk fever treated?

A

IV Calcium Borogluconate

29
Q

T/F:

One sign you may see in cows with milk fever is lack of a PLR

A

TRUE

30
Q

What is the first sign you see after treating a cow with milk fever

with IV Calcium Borogluconate to know your tx is working?

A

Muscle fasciculations

31
Q

What signs do you see after treating a cow with milk fever

with IV Calcium Borogluconate to know your tx is working?

A

1- Muscle fasciculations

2- heart speeds up

3- eructation

4- defecation and urination

32
Q

What medication is administed orally after IV treatment with Calcium Borogluconate

in order to prevent a relapse of milk fever?

A

Electrolyte paste- Calcium chloride

33
Q

Preventing Milk Fever:

Do not overfeed calcium (alfalfa) in the ______period

A

dry

34
Q

Preventing Milk Fever:

Increase feeding of _______ salts during the dry period

A

anionic

35
Q

What does DECAD stand for?

A

Dietary cation anion difference

36
Q

Preventing Milk Fever:

The DECAD in the transition period should be _______

A
  • 10 to -15
37
Q

Preventing Milk Fever:

The DECAD after calving should be _______

A

closer to +40

38
Q

Post-partum hemoglobinuria is due to deficiency of _________

A

phosphate

39
Q

Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)

occurs within _______ weeks of calving

A

6 weeks

40
Q

Are grazing cattle, or grain fed cattle, more at risk for

Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)?

A

Grazing cattle

41
Q

This is the most common deficiency seen worldwide in cattle

A

Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)

42
Q

Which animals are most severely affected by

Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)?

A

YOUNG animals

Heavily lactating dairy cows

43
Q

Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)

occurs during the time of peak _______

A

peak lactation

44
Q

Decreased phosphate results in weak _______

A

RBCs

45
Q

What clinical signs do you expect to see in YOUNG animals

with Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)?

A

Physeal enlargement

Rickets

Stiffness

Bowed legs

46
Q

What clinical signs do you expect to see in ADULT animals

with Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia)?

A

Osteomalacia, stiffness

Spontaneous fractures

PICA

Hemoglobinuria

47
Q

How is Post-partum hemoglobinuria (hypophosphatemia) treated?

A

Sodium acid phosphate IV

+

phosphate mineral supplement to prevent it in the whole herd

48
Q

Grass tetany/staggers is due to ________ deficiency

A

magnesium

49
Q

This condition tends to occur when cattle feed on lush green,

highly fertilized pastures during the cool growing season

A

Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers)

50
Q

An influencing factor of Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers)

is the _______ level around the root of fescue grass, which affects

if Mg and Ca can get into the plant

A

phosphorus

51
Q

What is the ideal Ca:Mg ratio?

A

2.2

52
Q

What are clinical signs associated with

Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers)?

A

HYPEREXCITABILITY

Muscle spasms

Aberrant behavior progressing through staggering to lateral recumbency

Opisthotonos, nystagmus

Salivation, foaming at the mouth

1st sign: weight loss, decreased milk

53
Q

Low magnesium, less than _______ mg/dL

is diagnostic of Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers)

A

<1.2 mg/dL

54
Q

T/F:

Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperphosphatemia

may be seen in conjunction in the case of

(Grass Tetany/Staggers)

A

true

55
Q

How is Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers) treated?

A

Magnesium hypophosphate

and

Calcium

56
Q

To prevent Hypomagnesemia (Grass Tetany/Staggers),

the soil Ca:Mg ratio should be ______

and the soil K:Mg ratio should be ______

A

Ca:Mg = 5:1

K:Mg = 2:1

57
Q

Define downer cow

A

Cow that remains in sternal recumbency 24 hours after first being found

58
Q

In downer cows,

pressure necrosis occurs within _______ hours

A

5 - 6 hours

59
Q

Downer cows can occur as the result of difficult parturition

and nerve damage of these nerves

A

Obturator nerve (most common)

Sciatic nerve

60
Q

T/F:

Downer cows are BAR with normal temperature, respiration, and CV signs

A

True

61
Q

T/F:

Calcium levels are NORMAL in downer cows

A

true

62
Q

The levels of these 2 substances is increased in downer cows

due to muscle damage

A

AST, CPK

63
Q

How is diagnosis made in downer cow syndrome?

A

By ruling out other diseases!

64
Q

Always do a ________ exam on a downer cow

A

rectal

65
Q

A continual rise in these 2 values signifies a poor prognosis

for downer cows

A

CPK, BUN

66
Q

Prevention of _________ is very important in preventing downer cow syndrome

A

hypocalcemia

67
Q

Always examine the ________ of a downer cow,

to rule out coliform mastitis

A

udders

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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