Small Ruminant Toxicoses and Mineral Deficiencies

Question 1

A diet that contains inadequate copper is called

_________ copper deficiency

Answer 1

Primary

Question 2

What can cause secondary copper deficiency?

Answer 2

High molybdenum

High sulfate

Question 3

Enzootic neonatal ataxia (swayback) of lambs and kids,

which is characterized by progressive incoordination and recumbency

that begins with the hind limbs and progresses to the front limbs,

is caused by defiency of ___________

Answer 3

copper

Question 4

A young lamb in coastal California

is exhibiting ataxia in the hind limbs

that progresses to the front limbs.

It has limp, straight, “steely” wool that has lost its crimp,

diarrhea, and anemia.

This lamb is probably deficient in ________

Answer 4

Copper

Question 5

How is copper deficiency treated?

Answer 5

Oral copper supplementation

Question 6

Which is more common:

Copper deficiency or copper toxicosis?

Answer 6

Copper TOXICOSIS is more common

Question 7

_________ are very susceptible to copper toxicosis

Answer 7

SHEEP

Question 8

What clinical signs do you expect to see in sheep

with copper toxicosis?

Answer 8

ACUTE onset:

Diarrhea

Hemoglobinuria

Jaundice

Anemia

Teeth-grinding

Question 9

What stain is used to see copper-laden macrophages

in the liver of sheep with copper toxicosis?

Answer 9

Rhodanine

Question 10

Small ruminants require ________ to produce B12

Answer 10

Cobalt

Question 11

Cobalt deficiency is related to deficiency of this vitamin

Answer 11

B12

Question 12

Cobalt/Vitamin B12 deficiency is related to

heavy GI parasite loads, especially this parasite

Answer 12

Haemonchus

Question 13

A young lamb is not growing well

and is exhibiting lacrimation.

Its wool is matted to its face, and it is anemic.

What is your primary ddx?

Answer 13

Cobalt/B12 deficiency

Question 14

How is Cobalt/B12 deficiency treated?

Answer 14

Cobalt Sulfate (oral)

+

Vitamin B12 (injection)

Question 15

A diet high in ________ can cause secondary iodine deficiency

Answer 15

calcium

Question 16

Thyroid enlargement (goiter) and alopecia

are commonly seen in animals with _______ deficiency

Answer 16

iodine

Question 17

How is iodine deficiency treated?

Answer 17

Add IODIZED salt to feed

Question 18

This state is known for causing iodine toxicosis in

small ruminants due to the high levels of iodine

in feed and soil.

Answer 18

South Carolina

Question 19

Selenium deficiency is often associated with Vitamin _____ deficiency

Answer 19

Vitamin E

Question 20

The primary clinical sign of Selenium/Vit E deficiency in lambs is

Answer 20

Stiffness of hind limbs

Question 21

Acute or subacute enzootic muscular dystrophy due

to selenium/Vit E deficiency is known as

Answer 21

white muscle disease

Question 22

Heart failure in pigs due to Selenium/Vit E deficiency is known as

Answer 22

Mulberry heart disease

Question 23

Clinical signs of selenium/Vit E deficiency and toxicosis are similar

except that hoof abnormalities and rough hair coat

are seen with ________ only.

Answer 23

toxicosis

Question 24

What is the treatment for Lead Toxicosis?

Answer 24

Calcium Versenate IV (Calcium EDTA)

Question 25

A sheep is anorexic and has developed a rough hair coat.

When you arrive, he licks your hands and he has been seen licking

the dirt. Urinalysis reveals a LOW USG.

What is this sheep suffering from and how do you treat?

Answer 25

Salt deficiency.

Provide access to salt SLOWLY! (otherwise–>toxicosis)

Question 26

What types of clinical signs are seen in animals with

salt toxicosis?

Answer 26

Brain swelling leading to neurologic signs