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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Anemias and Cardiovascular Diseases > Flashcards

Anemias and Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of anemia?

A

Parasitism

Nutritional deficiency

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2
Q

_________ deficiency is the #1 deficiency seen in dairy cattle

worldwide

A

Phosphorus

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3
Q

What are the 2 etiologies of

post-partum hemoglobinuria?

A

Hypophosphatemia

Guaifenesin

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4
Q

What is the 2nd most common deficiency seen

in cattle worldwide?

A

Copper deficiency

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5
Q

Copper deficiency can be secondary to

________ excess

A

molybdenum

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6
Q

_______ deficiency is associated with high GIT parasite loads

like Ostertagia

A

Cobalt (B12)

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7
Q

What are the 4 potential causes of

Anemias of Inflammatory Disease?

A

Chronic infection

Chronic inflammation

Fractures or severe trauma

Neoplasia (BLV)

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8
Q

T/F:

Congenital porphyria can cause anemia.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

This type of anemia can be caused by

bracken fern poisoning or soybeal meal toxicity

leading to bone marrow damage or dysplasia

A

APLASTIC anemia

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10
Q

How does water intoxication in young calves when first weaned

lead to anemia?

A

Massive water intake produces marked hypotonicity

and leads to intravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

This congenital cardiovascular disease is characterized by

poor growth, lethargy, exercise intolerance,

and a loud, holosystolic murmur

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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12
Q

This congenital cardiovascular disease is characterized

by a calf born with its heart outside of its chest and located in

its throat

A

Ectopia Cordis Cervicalis

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13
Q

This congenital cardiovascular disease is

hereditary and recessive in Holstein cattle.

Calves are born normal but acquire many infections in the first weeks

of life. This can look similar to failure of passive transfer and is due to

leukocytes that cannot properly phagocytize bacteria.

A

Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD)

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14
Q

This cardiovascular disease occurs after

systemic infections where bacteria lodges in the heart valves.

It is characterized by a holosystolic or holodiastolic murmur.

Will also see tachycardia, jugular distension, SQ edema, ascites,

and fever.

A

Valvular Vegetative Endocarditis

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15
Q

What do you expect to see on a hemogram of an animal with

Valvular Vegetative Endocarditis?

A

neutrophils with a left shift (neutrophilia)

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16
Q

How is Valvular Vegetative Endocarditis treated?

A

ABx (3 - 5 days)

17
Q

On necropsy, you find cauliflower lesions on the heart valve

of a cow. What is your primary ddx?

A

Valvular Vegetative Endocarditis

18
Q

Brisket Disease is also known as

A

Pulmonary hypertension

or

High altitude disease

19
Q

What is the etiology of Brisket Disease (High Altitude Disease)?

A

Cows taken from low to high altitude to graze

undergo hypoxic vasoconstriction. This results in

heart failure which causes edema in the brisket area (between forelimbs)

20
Q

What clinical signs do you expect to see in

Brisket Disease/High Altitude Disease?

A

Signs of right CHF

SQ edema of brisket

Bottle jaw

Jugular distension, tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, murmurs

21
Q

What is the most common heart tumor in cattle?

A

Lymphosarcoma

22
Q

What ingestable toxins are associated with cardiomyopathy?

A

Ionophores

Plants- Cassia, Phalaris

23
Q

Deficiency of these 4 substances are associated with cardiomyopathy

A

Vit E

Selenium

Copper

Sulfate

24
Q

What is the most common etiology of pericarditis?

A

TRAUMA from penetrating foreign body of reticulum

(reticulum sits behind heart, penetrates reticulum, diaphragm, and pericardium)

25
Q

What are the 4 most common signs of CHF?

A

Peripheral edema

Jugular vein distension

Tachypnea

Dyspnea

26
Q

This, if heard on auscultation, is

pathognomonic for pericarditis

A

SPLASHING HEART SOUNDS

(fluid and gas in the pericardial sac)

Can also hear muffled heard sounds

27
Q

How is pericarditis treated?

A

ABx

Surgery is just a salvage procedure for slaughter- PERICARDIOSTOMY

28
Q

Atrial fibrillation is _____ in cattle

A

RARE

29
Q

Atrial fibrillation may accompany ______ disease

A

GIT

30
Q

Atrial fibrillation may be a sequelae to hypo________

A

hypocalcemia

31
Q

How is Atrial fibrillation diagnosed in cattle?

A

A pulse deficit is seen with ECG or by comparing HR to pulse!

32
Q

How is Atrial fibrillation treated in cattle?

A

Quinidine Gluconate!

(or may spontaneously correct)

33
Q

Infection of the umbilicus soon after birth is known as

A

omphalitis

34
Q

The umbilicus contains what 4 structures?

A

Umbilical vein

Umbilical artery

Lateral ligaments of the bladder

Urachus

35
Q

Out of the 4 components of the umbilicus,

which is the most likely to be infected?

A

Urachus

36
Q

How is Omphalitis treated?

A

ABx

Sx drainage or removal

37
Q

How is omphalitis prevented?

A

By dipping the navel in 2% iodine/betadine

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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