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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Cattle Respiratory Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Cattle Respiratory Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Mycotic Nasal Granuloma?

A
  • Rhinosporidia spp.*
  • Helminthosporum spp.*
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2
Q

This fungal nasal condition in cows is

more common on irrigated pastures in warm/hot climates.

It is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction and results in the

signs like hemorrhage, head shaking, nasal rubbing,

and upper respiratory tract signs.

A

Mycotic Nasal Granuloma

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3
Q

How is Mycotic Nasal Granuloma treated?

A

NOT with Abx!

Use Systemic Iodine and/or Surgery

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4
Q

Which breed of cow is predisposed to allergic rhinitis?

A

Jersey

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5
Q

How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?

A

Eosinophilia seen on nasal secretions

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6
Q

This type of sinusitis is associated with dehorning.

It can be avoided by getting polled breeds, or by

dehorning when they are calves when their horns have less

communication with that particular sinus.

A

Frontal sinusitis

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7
Q

This type of sinusitis is associated with horses with bad or infected teeth.

It can be caused by extension of infections such as

Actinomyces (bone)

or Actinobacillosis (soft tissue)

A

Maxillary sinusitis

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8
Q

In regards to sinusitis,

a bulge on the side of the face is due to ______ sinusitis

where as

a bulge between the eyes is due to _________ sinusitis

A

In regards to sinusitis,

a bulge on the side of the face is due to Maxillary sinusitis

where as

a bulge between the eyes is due to Frontal sinusitis

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9
Q

How is sinusitis treated?

A

Surgery, flush the sinus, and ANTIBIOTICS

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10
Q

What is the most common etiology of pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Improper admin of pills per os

or

oral dewormers

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11
Q

What type of dyspnes would you expect in

a cow with pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

inspiratory dyspnea

(with stertor sounds due to swelling in the pharynx)

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12
Q

T/F:

Bloat can be a sign of pharyngeal trauma and abscess

A

TRUE!

Abscess or swelling of pharynx puts pressure,

and animal cannot swallow or let gas out

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13
Q

What are the 3 DDx associated with pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Neoplasia (LSA in old animals)

Necrotic Laryngitis

Rabies

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14
Q

How do you treat pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Drainage, flushing, and ABX

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15
Q

Calf Diphtheria is also known as

A

Necrotic Laryngitis

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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17
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

is more common in which type of cattle?

A

BEEF calves kept on wet, moist pasture

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18
Q

A beef calf out at pasture during the rainy season

has severe inspiratory dyspnea, LOUD stertor,

and fetid odor of the breath.

This has occurred acutely, and the calf is still nursing.

What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

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19
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

can cause this problem in adult cattle

A

Foot rot

or

Liver Abscesses

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20
Q

What is used to treat Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)?

A

Procaine Penicillin G

or

Oxytetracycline

+ NSAIDs

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21
Q

Tracheal Edema Syndrome is also known as _______

and is most common in steers in feedlots

A

Honker Syndrome

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22
Q

What 2 factors are required to cause

Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)?

A

STRESS

and the

ORGANISM

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23
Q

What are the 4 organisms part of the normal flora

that causes Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)

when conditions are right?

A
  • Mycoplasma*
  • Mannheimia*
  • Histophilus*
  • Pasteurella*
24
Q

_________ is the #1 factor contributing to Respiratory Disease

in cattle.

A

COMINGLING

(Mixing of cattle = #1.

Shipping = #2)

25
Q

How is weaning a stress factor for the development of

Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)?

A

Separation anxiety in both the calf and cow

results in the cow constantly calling for the calf.

This causes damage to respiratory epithelium and

allows pathogens to colonize.

Also, calving causes immunosuppression which is another factor.

26
Q

What are the 4 core vaccinations that cattle receive

to prevent respiratory disease?

A

IBR

Parainfluenza

BRSV

BVD

27
Q

What is the etiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

A

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1)

28
Q

T/F:

Dairy cattle are more prone to Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

A

FALSE!

FEEDLOT cattle are more prone

29
Q

A beef cow on a feedlot presents with a VERY high fever of 105F.

She has profuse serous nasal discharge,

but normal lung sounds are heard.

On ocular exam, a central corneal ulcer is found.

A couple other cows have aborted and have pustules on their vulvas.

What is your primary differential?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

30
Q

This clinical sign of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

is more common in DAIRY cattle than in feedlot cattle with IBR.

A

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis

31
Q

How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) diagnosed?

A

Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT)

of ocular or nasal secretions

32
Q

How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) treated?

A

Antibiotics (to prevent secondary bacterial infx)

and

Intranasal vax in the face of an outbreak

33
Q

How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) prevented?

A

2 doses of vaccine 2 - 4 weeks apart, plus an annual booster

in ALL FEMALES KEPT FOR BREEDING.

34
Q

What is the etiology of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)?

A

Paramyxovirus

35
Q

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is usually seen in

conjunction with this organism, leading to enzootic calf pneumonia

A

Mannheimia

36
Q

How is Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) diagnosed

and treated?

A

FA Testing- swab of mucosa

Treated with ABx

37
Q

T/F:

Cows vaccinated for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

can pass immunity to their calves.

A

TRUE! (protects for the first 2 months of life)

38
Q

This bacterial disease occurs commonly in beef cattle

and is a major cause of economic loss in feedlots.

All ages are affected.

Signs include: mucopurulent nasal discharge, crusty nose,

ocular dischage, anorexia, fever, expiratory grunt/dyspnea,

and emphysema.

A

Mannheimia Haemolytica (usually with Pasteurella)

39
Q

What virulence factors are associated with

Mannheimia Haemolytica (Pasteurella)?

A

LPS and Leukotoxin

40
Q

T/F:

Horses are susceptible to the affects of

Mannheimia haemolytica (pasteurella)

A

FALSE!

Mannheimia Leukotoxin only affects the WBCs of ruminants, NOT horses!

41
Q

This bacteria, found in the normal bovine respiratory tract,

can be associated with TEME, or

Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis.

Clinical signs of TEME include:

opisthotonos, recumbency, and beating their head on the ground.

A

Histophilus somni

42
Q

This bacteria can cause a respiratory infection that

can present with ear infections or mastitis.

A

Mycoplasma

43
Q

How is Chlamydia treated in cattle?

A

Oxytetracycline

44
Q

How is tuberculosis diagnosed?

A

Single intradermal test- look for swelling after

injection of tuberculin antigen

45
Q

How is tuberculosis treated in cattle?

A

It’s NOT!

You must TEST AND SLAUGHTER!

46
Q

How do cows get tuberculosis?

A

Can get it from deer, and it is zoonotic, so

can get it from humans (or humans can get it from cows)

47
Q

What 2 things can interfere with a tuberculosis test in cows?

A

Avian tuberculin

Paratuberculosis

48
Q

Chronic coughing and nasal discharge as a result of

Enzootic Pneumonia (BRSV) is seen more

commonly in dairy calves due to ________ operations.

A

continuous flow

49
Q

Enzootic pneumonia in calves is caused by BRSV

but is often seen in conjunction with this organism

A

Mannheimia

50
Q

What is the etiology of

interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema?

A

MOLD

51
Q

What time of the year is

interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema

most commonly seen?

A

Fall

52
Q

In the late fall, a cow exhibits a slight fever

and is anorexic.

It has an expiratory dyspnea and you

feel crepitation on its back.

What is your primary differential?

A

interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema

due to MOLD

53
Q

How is interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema

treated?

A

NO treatment!

Change diet or pasture if noticed!

54
Q

What is the intermediate host for “husk”

(parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia)?

A

SNAILS

55
Q

What are the 2 causative agents of

Venal Caval Thrombosis and Metastatic Pneumonia,

which can cause profuse nose bleeds and hemorrhage into the

respiratory tract?

A

Mannheimia and Fusobacterium

56
Q

Diaphragmatic hernias are more common

in these types of cattle

A

Bos indicus and water buffalo

57
Q

This lung condition is seen in premature newborn calves

due to lungs that are underdeveloped (not enough surfactant).

These calves are noisy at birth which is abnormal.

A

Pulmonary dysmaturation

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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