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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Small Ruminant Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of foot rot?

A

Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

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2
Q

This breed of sheep is most susceptible to foot rot

A

Merino sheep

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3
Q

When trying to eradicate foot rot, you must remember that

the bacteria can survive in the environment for up to

______ weeks

A

2

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4
Q

A flock of merino sheep presents with lameness and is seen

grazing on their knees. Upon inspection,

you notice swelling and moistness of the interdigital cleft.

What is the condition and causative agent?

A

Foot Rot- Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

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5
Q

How is Foot Rot- Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

treated?

A

FOOT BATHING for 60 minutes Q5days in

2% Zinc Sulfate, 2% Sodium Laurel Sulfate

+

Parenteral ABx: Procaine Penicillin or Oxytetracycline

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6
Q

What is the etiology of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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7
Q

How is caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

spread?

A

Via contact with a draining abscess

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8
Q

Sheep with caseous lymphadenitis

(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

usually have ________ abscesses,

in the mediastinum or abdomen.

A

Sheep- INTERNAL abscesses

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9
Q

Goats with caseous lymphadenitis

(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

usually have ________ abscesses,

around their head and neck

A

Goats- EXTERNAL lymph node abscesses

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10
Q

How is caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

treated?

A

IT’S NOT!

You must CULL all infected animals

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11
Q

What is the causative agent of sheep and goat pinkeye?

A

Mycoplasma chlamydia

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12
Q

Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) is associated with

secondary infections with this

A

Branhamella (Moraxella) ovis

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia)?

A

Warm summer months

Long grass, flies

Recent introduction of new animals from sale barn

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14
Q

How is Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) treated?

A

Oxytetracycline - ointment or injectable(better systemic)

+

Flunixin

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15
Q

T/F:

Treatment of Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia)

may prolong recovery and lead to quicker reinfection

A

TRUE!

(But tx anyway because condition is so painful)

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16
Q

T/F:

Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) cannot be transmitted to humans.

A

FALSE!

It is Zoonotic

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17
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

affects lambs less than 3 weeks old

and occurs in crowded, dirty environments.

A

B

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18
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

causes STRUCK in adult sheep on pasture.

A

C

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19
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type C causes

localized enterotoxemia of the small intestine

in adult sheep. This is commonly known as

A

STRUCK

20
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

causes hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in

young lambs and kids less than 1 week old

A

C

21
Q

Pulpy Kidney is associated with Clostridium perfringens Type _____

A

D

22
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type D

is most common in

lambs _______ weeks old

A

3 - 10 weeks

23
Q

This type of Clostridium perfringens

usually affects the animals with the BEST body condition

that are growing most rapidly

A

Type D

24
Q

The finding of glucosuria in a moribund 6 week old lamb

with very good BCS would be presumptive evidence of

A

Enterotoxemia caused by

Clostridium perfringens Type D

25
Q

An inflammatory disease in the abomasal lining of sheep caused by the bacterium Clostridium septicum

A

Braxy

26
Q

Braxy, caused by this type of clostridium is most common in

lambs 4 - 10 weeks old

OR

6 - 12 months old

A

Clostridium septicum

27
Q

Braxy, caused by Clostridium septicum is most common in

lambs _____ weeks old

OR

_____ months old

A

Braxy, caused Clostridium septicum is most common in

lambs 4 - 10 weeks old

OR

6 - 12 months old

28
Q

Eating frosted forage is a risk factor for

clostridium ______ induced abomasal inflammatory disease

A

septicum

29
Q

What is the causative agent of “Black Disease”

A

Clostridium NOVYI

30
Q

What is the causative agent of “Black Leg”?

A

Clostridium CHAUVEOI

31
Q

Black disease, caused by Clostridium novyi,

is seen in animals _____ years of age

A

1 - 4 years

32
Q

This acute, febrile, highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep is caused by Clostridium chauvoei (post injury/tail docking/castration)

and is characterized by emphysematous swelling,

commonly affecting heavy muscles (clostridial myositis).

It is better known as:

A

Black LEG

33
Q

What is the causative agent of “Big Head” of Rams?

A

Clostridium sordellii

34
Q

Big Head, an acute, nongaseous, nonhemorrhagic, edematous,

swelling of the head, face, and neck of young rams,

is initiated from continual butting of one another

resulting in injured tissue being easily infected

by this bacteria.

A

Clostridium sordellii

35
Q

Sawhorse stance is pathognomonic for

A

Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

36
Q

What are the risk factors for Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

in small ruminants?

A

Wounds

Cohabitation with horses

Tail binding or castration with rubber band

37
Q

How does tail binding or castration with rubber band

increase the risk of tetanus in small ruminants?

A

Risk is increased because this method creates a

necrotic, anaerobic environment

38
Q

What is the cause of death in animals with tetanus?

A

Starvation because they cannot eat

due to trismus (lockjaw) and sawhorse stance (unable to move)

39
Q

How is Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) treated?

A

Symptomatically with Penicillin and tube feeding

40
Q

What is the tetanus vaccine schedule for sheep?

A

Vaccinate ewes during gestation (pass antibodies to lambs)

Vaccinate after weaning: 2 doses, 2 months apart, with annual booster

41
Q

What is the causative agent of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

42
Q

Why are lambs and ewes who have just lambed

more at risk for bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica)?

A

The stress of lambing in conjunction with the

high levels of corticosteroids resulting from pregnancy and parturition

lead to immunosuppression, allowing

(Mannheimia haemolytica) to proliferate and cause bacterial pneumonia

43
Q

Why is bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica) seen in

ruminants more often than horses?

A

Because (Mannheimia haemolytica) contains a

leukotoxin that kills only ruminant WBCs

so they cannot fight off the infection!

44
Q

Adenovirus and parainflueza virus

predispose ruminants to developing this

A

Bacterial Mannheimia pneumonia

45
Q

An ewe who has just lambed presents with open mouth breathing,

high fever, and frothing around the mouth.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica)

46
Q

T/F:

Mannheimia haemolytica is a normal inhabitant of the

ovine nasopharynx, but under specific conditions, can

proliferate and cause pneumonia

A

TRUE

47
Q

How is bacteral mannheimia pneumonia treated?

A

High doses of Procaine Penicillin

or

Tetracycline

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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