Clinical Parasitism of Small Ruminants

Question 1

You see this in a fecal smear from a sheep that is

over 3 weeks of age. What is your primary ddx?

Answer 1

Coccidiosis

Question 2

You see this in a fecal smear from a sheep that is

LESS THAN 3 weeks of age. What is your primary ddx?

Answer 2

Cryptosporidium

Question 3

How is coccidiosis diagnosed?

Answer 3

An oocyst count of greater than 5,000/gram of feces

PLUS

clinical signs (diarrhea, ill thrift, mucky butt, anorexia)

Question 4

What are your 4 differentials if you suspect coccidiosis

as your primary ddx?

Answer 4

Colibacillosis

Salmonellosis

Clostridium

Cryptosporidiosis

Question 5

What are the risk factors for coccidiosis?

Answer 5

Weaning

Overcrowding

Wet environment

Feet and feces in feeders

Poor nutrition

Question 6

How is coccidiosis treated?

Answer 6

5 day course of:

Sulfonamides

Amprolium (beware of polioencephalomalacia)

or

Ionophores

Question 7

What are the 3 parasites associated with Strongylosis?

Answer 7

Haemonchus

Trichostrongylus

Nematodirus

Question 8

________ causes anemia and hypoproteinemia in lambs and kids

Answer 8

Haemonchus

Question 9

This test detects sheep that are parasitized

in order to selectively deworm animals to decrease drug resistance

Answer 9

FAMACHA

Question 10

What is the main clinical sign of strongylosis?

Answer 10

Bottle jaw

Question 11

What 2 species of lungworms are we worried about in

small ruminants?

Answer 11

• Dictyocaulus filarial*
• Mullerius capillaris*

Question 12

________ are the intermediate host of lungworms

Answer 12

Snails

Question 13

The proper name of the Meningeal Worm

Answer 13

Paralaphestrongylus tenuis

Question 14

The Meningeal Worm (Paralaphestrongylus tenuis) is a parasite

of ________. Sheep and goats are just the aberrant hosts.

Answer 14

White-tailed deer

Question 15

What are the intermediate hosts of the

Meningeal Worm (Paralaphestrongylus tenuis)?

Answer 15

Snails and Slugs

Question 16

Meningeal Worm (Paralaphestrongylus tenuis) infection

is seen more commonly in this season

Answer 16

Winter (parasite in migratory phase)

Question 17

Bambi got hungry and ate Gary from Spongebob.

Bambi then went to hang out with Babe the pig and his sheepy friends.

Now, a bunch of Babe’s sheepy friends

are recumbent but BAR.

What is your primary ddx?

Answer 17

Meningeal Worm (Paralaphestrongylus tenuis)

Question 18

How is Meningeal Worm (Paralaphestrongylus tenuis) treated?

Answer 18

FENBENDAZOLE and CORTICOSTEROIDS

(not ivermectin, unless trying to prevent infection)

Question 19

The proper name for nasal bots.

Answer 19

Oestrus ovis

Question 20

Which 2 species of flukes do we worry about with small

ruminants?

Answer 20

Fasciola and Paramphistomum

Question 21

Flukes, found in low lying wet swampy areas,

cause ______ damage, which predisposes to

potentially deadly clostridial diseases

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

This species of tapeworms affects sheep, goats, and cattle

Answer 22

Monieza

Question 23

DOGS have the potential to spread this species

of tapeworm’s cysts to sheep.

Answer 23

Taenia hydagenita

Question 24

How is fly strike prevented in small ruminants?

Answer 24

Organophosphate or Pyrethrin dip/pour-on

Question 25

Sheep scab is caused by this parasite

Answer 25

*Psoroptes communis ovis*

Question 26

A herd of goats is seen with pruritic, crusty lesions on the **pastern area**. What is your primary ddx?

Answer 26

Chorioptic mange

Question 27

Which 2 species of babesia affect sheep and goats?

Answer 27

* Babesia motasi* * Babesia ovis*

Question 28

Babesiosis is _______ in younger animals

Answer 28

MILDER

Question 29

An older sheep presents with acute onset fever, anorexia, and **jaundice**. Pyriform lobes are seen in its RBCs. What is causing this animals condition?

Answer 29

Babesiosis

Question 30

How is Babesiosis treated in sheep and goats?

Answer 30

Imidocarb Diminazene

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ strike in areas of infection or skin necrosis. Their eggs hatch within hours, and animals are seen wagging their tails, rubbing, and smacking their lips.

Answer 31

Blowflies

Question 32

How do the lesions of Orf and Dermatophilosis differ?

Answer 32

In ORF- lesions around mouth only and do not connect In Dermatophilosis- lesions can be around mouth, but also other areas

Question 33

What is the vector for Dermatophilosis in small ruminants?

Answer 33

Tick vector- *Amblyomma ambigata*