Small Intestine and colon Part 2 Flashcards
What is Graft vs. Host Disease
Rare medical complication following the receipt of transplant tissues from a genetically different person
When does the graft vs. Host Disease occur
after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants. it targets the antigens on the recipient’s epithelial cells by donor T cells
What tends to happen with intestinal graft vs. host disease
manifests as watery diarrhea
What causes rice water stools
V. Cholerae
What bacteria is spread throughout the reheating of rice
B. cereus
What organism comes into into play after antibiotic use
C. difficile
What organism cause problems from eating left over meat and poultry
C. Perfringen
What EHEC come from
Undercooked hamburger
What does ETEC cause
Travelers diarrhea
What comes with Salmonella species
typhoid fever
What causes S. aureus
Picnic foods
What does shellfish cause
V. parahaemolytic
How does Norovirus start
through an outbreak
Who does rotavirus affect
infants
Who does cryptosporidium affect
immunocompromised
What does E. histolytica cause
Amebic dysentery
What does G. lambia cause
smelling stool
What is Irritable bowel syndrome
Chronic and relapsing abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits including diarrhea and constipation
Psychological stressors – domestic abuse, sexual abuse, stress, depression
F>M
What are the manifestations of the IBS
Abdominal pain & bloating relieved by defecation,Stool with mucus, NO blood
Results from inappropriate mucosal immune activation
IBD encompasses two major entities- Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
What is Crohns Disease
it is a inflammatory bowel disease that effects the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus.
What is the presentation of Crohns Disease
30 and 60 years
location is in the gum to bum (Terminal ileum)
No rectal Bleeding
No diarrhea
The abdominal pain comes and goes
there is fever
there is in urgency
Mimics appendicitis
it can reoccur after surgery and you will see ulcers, cobblestoning and pseudo polyps in the endoscopy
it has Skip lessions and is ASCA + on a test
What is the Ulcerative Colitis
it is inflammation and ulcers in the colon.
What is the presentation of UC
30 and 50 years
in the rectum with bleeding and diarrhea
there is no abdominal pain, fever and palpable mass
There is urgency and on endoscopy there is continuous inflammation and pseuopolyps
You will see toxic megacolon, rupture and peritonitis and has a high risk for adenocarcinoma with ANCA + test.
What are some of the extra intestinal Manifestation of CD and UC
Erythema Nodosum - macrophages
Pyoderma Ganernosum - nectroic tissue ulcers, usually on legs
Ankylosing spondylitis - Bamboo spine - restrictive movement moving forward
Uveitis - inflammation of urea; WBC’s in anterior chamber
What is Diverticulum
Diverticulum: abnormal sac like protrusion fro the wall of a hollow organ.
What is Diverticulosis
it is multiple diverticula
What is diverticulitis
it is the inflammation of the one or more diverticula: increase intraluminal pressure and food partial deposit, Erosion of wall, inflammation and focal necrosis.
What are the clinical manifestation of Diverticulum
Fever, left lower quadrant tenderness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea and constipation
What will the lab test show for diverticulum
It will show leukocytosis with left shift. ( increase in immature leukocytes)
What should you do if a female is showing leukocytosis
make her take a pregnancy test
What are the clues for diverticulum
Abscess Fistula perforation hypotension and shock extreme tenderness on palpation abdominal righty and guarding rebound tenderness
What is the presentation of diverticulosis
Painless bleeding
left lower quadrant
no fever
treatment is with diet modification and increase fiber and water intake
What is the presentation of diverticulitis
Painful bleeding
left lower quadrant
fever due to inflammation
treatment: diet modification, surgery, water intake and antibiotics
