Head and Neck Disease - Ear Flashcards
What is cerumen Impaction
Ear wax.Conductive hearing loss.Clinical – aural fullness, ear pain, vertigo, tinnitus (ringing).Treatment – bicarbonate solution, olive oil, syringing, manual debridement
What is Exostoses
Bony protuberances in the external auditory canal composed of lamellar bone. Associated with swimming in cold water
What is Otitis Externa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Associated with swimming (swimmer’s ear).Associated with Q-tips use.Clinical – pain aggravated by movement of auricle, sticky yellow purulent discharge (otorrhea), post auricular lymphadenopathy.Treatment – Ciprofloxacin drops.
What is Malignant Otitis Externa
Osteomyelitis of temporal bone.Risk Factors – Diabetes, immunocompromised.Pseudomonas infection.Clinical – ear pain and discharge.Granulation (connective) tissue
What is Acute Otitis Media
Acute inflammation of middle ear.S. pneumonia, H. influenza. Due to eustachian tube dysfunction/obstruction, cilia dysfunction.
What are the causes of acute otitis Media
URTI, tumor, barotrauma, Kartagner, immunosuppression.Risk factors – bottle feeding, second hand smoke, daycare, sick contact
What are the signs and symptoms of acute otitis media
ear pain, fever, ear tugging, ear discharge.
What are the diagnosis of acute otitis media
Otoscopy – bulging TM.
What are the complications of acute otitis media
Tympanic Membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, meningitis, brain abscess, facial nerve paralysis
What are the treatments
Amoxicillin, macrolide. Complications
What is Cholesteatoma
A cyst composed of keratinizing squamous epithelium occurring in middle ear, mastoid & temporal bone
How does cholesteatoma present itself
Presents as small white pearl behind
What is mastoiditis
-Infection of mastoid air cells after 2 weeks of untreated AOM
What is the clinical signs
Clinical triad – ear discharge, tenderness to pressure over the mastoid, retroauricular swelling with protruding ear
What is otosclerosis
Fusion of stapes footplate to oval window so that it cannot vibrate.Clinical – conductive hearing loss (2nd MCC)
What is Congential Sensorineural Hearing loss
Fusion of stapes footplate to oval window so that it cannot vibrate.Clinical – conductive hearing loss (2nd MCC)
What are the Prenatal TORCH
Toxoplasmosis, Others (HIV, syphilis) Rubella, CMV, Herpes simplex.
What is Presbycusis
MCC of sensorineural hearing loss.Due to aging. Progressive bilateral hearing loss
What is manifestation of Presbycusis
Clinical – inability to tolerate loud sounds, tinnitus, loss of discrimination of speech especially with background noise present
What drug ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, streptomycin, gentamicin. Salicylate - Aspirin ( hearing loss with tinnitus). Antimalarial ( quinines), Antineoplastic - Cisplatin and loop diuretics.
