Head and Neck Disease - Ear

Question 1

What is cerumen Impaction

Answer 1

Ear wax.Conductive hearing loss.Clinical – aural fullness, ear pain, vertigo, tinnitus (ringing).Treatment – bicarbonate solution, olive oil, syringing, manual debridement

Question 2

What is Exostoses

Answer 2

Bony protuberances in the external auditory canal composed of lamellar bone. Associated with swimming in cold water

Question 3

What is Otitis Externa

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Associated with swimming (swimmer’s ear).Associated with Q-tips use.Clinical – pain aggravated by movement of auricle, sticky yellow purulent discharge (otorrhea), post auricular lymphadenopathy.Treatment – Ciprofloxacin drops.

Question 4

What is Malignant Otitis Externa

Answer 4

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone.Risk Factors – Diabetes, immunocompromised.Pseudomonas infection.Clinical – ear pain and discharge.Granulation (connective) tissue

Question 5

What is Acute Otitis Media

Answer 5

Acute inflammation of middle ear.S. pneumonia, H. influenza. Due to eustachian tube dysfunction/obstruction, cilia dysfunction.

Question 6

What are the causes of acute otitis Media

Answer 6

URTI, tumor, barotrauma, Kartagner, immunosuppression.Risk factors – bottle feeding, second hand smoke, daycare, sick contact

Question 7

What are the signs and symptoms of acute otitis media

Answer 7

ear pain, fever, ear tugging, ear discharge.

Question 8

What are the diagnosis of acute otitis media

Answer 8

Otoscopy – bulging TM.

Question 9

What are the complications of acute otitis media

Answer 9

Tympanic Membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, meningitis, brain abscess, facial nerve paralysis

Question 10

What are the treatments

Answer 10

Amoxicillin, macrolide. Complications

Question 11

What is Cholesteatoma

Answer 11

A cyst composed of keratinizing squamous epithelium occurring in middle ear, mastoid & temporal bone

Question 12

How does cholesteatoma present itself

Answer 12

Presents as small white pearl behind

Question 13

What is mastoiditis

Answer 13

-Infection of mastoid air cells after 2 weeks of untreated AOM

Question 14

What is the clinical signs

Answer 14

Clinical triad – ear discharge, tenderness to pressure over the mastoid, retroauricular swelling with protruding ear

Question 15

What is otosclerosis

Answer 15

Fusion of stapes footplate to oval window so that it cannot vibrate.Clinical – conductive hearing loss (2nd MCC)

Question 16

What is Congential Sensorineural Hearing loss

Answer 16

Fusion of stapes footplate to oval window so that it cannot vibrate.Clinical – conductive hearing loss (2nd MCC)

Question 17

What are the Prenatal TORCH

Answer 17

Toxoplasmosis, Others (HIV, syphilis) Rubella, CMV, Herpes simplex.

Question 18

What is Presbycusis

Answer 18

MCC of sensorineural hearing loss.Due to aging. Progressive bilateral hearing loss

Question 19

What is manifestation of Presbycusis

Answer 19

Clinical – inability to tolerate loud sounds, tinnitus, loss of discrimination of speech especially with background noise present

Question 20

What drug ototoxicity

Answer 20

aminoglycosides, streptomycin, gentamicin. Salicylate - Aspirin ( hearing loss with tinnitus). Antimalarial ( quinines), Antineoplastic - Cisplatin and loop diuretics.