Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
What is Restrictive lung disease
It is difficult with breathing in. The O2 levels are low but the CO2 levels are low and this making the pH high or Alkaline (respiratory Alkalosis)
What are categories of the Restrictive lung disease
Hyperventilation, Alkalosis, anxiety, stress,hysteria, pain, High Altitude, Amiodarone,Bleomycin, Busulphan, cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Pregnancy, Pulmonary Embolism, Aspirin, all autoimmune and Neuromuscular diseases with fever, stroke, hepatic failure
What are the different types of Restrictive Lung disease
ILD, Pneumoconiosis, Sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Drug induces
What in ILD
inflammatory and or fibrosing process in the alveolar walls. they are distortion and destruction of normal alveoli and micro-vasculture. interstitial issue.
What are the manifestations of ILD
SOB, Non Productive Cough, Crackles, clubbing and Right hight failure
What is pneumoconiosies? What are the types?
environmental dust particle cause interstitial fibrosis. can be associated with the occupation of the patient.
Coal Worker - Berylliosis
Silicosis - Tb infection
Asbestosis - Bronchogenic and Mesothelioma
What is Sarcoidosis
Multi-system granulomatous disease. It is a noncaseating granuloma in multiple tissues and organs. it is common in middle aged african american women that is non-smoker or scadinavian descent.
What will you see with Sarcoidosis
Asteroid and schaumman bodies
What is the pathogenesis of Sarcoidosis
Intra-alveolar and interstitial accumulation of CD4+ and Th1 cells. Increases in T cell–derived TH1 Cytokines (IL-2 , IFN-γ…) →T Cell Expansion and Macrophage Activation.Increases in Cytokines in the Local Environment (IL-8, TNF, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α) Favor Recruitment of T cells and Monocytes that contribute to the Formation of Granulomas. Hypercalcemia, Hypercalciuria Caused by Increased Calcium Absorption Secondary to Production of Active Vitamin D (increased synthesis of 1-alpha-hydroxylase.
What is the chest x-ray of a person with sarcoidosis
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
What are skin lesions of sarcoidosis
eyrthema nodosum.
What is hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Exposure to known inhaled antigen
What are the types of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Farmer’s Lungs: Thermo actinomycetes
Bird feeder lung: C. psittaci
Humidifier Lung: A. Pollulans
Sauna Takers: Aurebasidium species
What are the manifestations of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Acute SOB, cough, fever and chills
