Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path 2 > Small Intestine and colon Part 1 > Flashcards

Small Intestine and colon Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes the obstruction os the small intestine

A

80% are Lesions hernias, intestinal adhesion, intussusception and volvulus

10 to 15% are tumors, infraction and other causes of strictures, Crohn Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction

A

Abdominal Pain and discomfort and vomiting and constipations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of Intestinal Obstruction

A

Normal flow of intestinal contents is disrupted - proximal dilation + distal decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the complication of Intestinal obstructions

A

Bowel ischemia due to bloody supply being strangulated, inflammation leads to venous congestion, edema and distortion or normal bowel absorptive function - increased intraluminal fluid. Transudative fluid loss ( hypovolemia into peritoneal cavity, electrolyte disturbance
Shock
Perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the presentation of Small bowel Obstruction

A 
Nausea and vomiting early 
Abdominal pain that comes and goes 
distension occurs 
constipation occurs 
Bowel sounds increased 
in X-ray the is an increase in air  fluid levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the presentation in Large Bowel Obstruction

A 
Nausea and vomiting late 
Abdominal pain that comes and goes 
distension occurs 
constipation occurs
Bowel sounds increased 
in X-ray the is an increase in air  fluid levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the prestantion of Pseudo-Obstruction

A 
Nausea and vomiting occurs 
Abdominal pain is minimal 
distension occurs 
constipation occurs 
Bowel sounds decrease 
in X-ray the is an increase in air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of small bowel obstruction

A 
S - stricture 
H - hernia - 2nd cause 
A- adhesion - MCC
V -volvulus 
I - intussception
N - Neoplasm 3rd cause 
G - Gallstones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of large bowel obstruction

A

Cancer
Diverticulitis
Volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is adhesions

A

Fibrous Band that forms between tissues Natural part the body’s healing process after surgery, similar to how a scar forms. Adhesion extend from within one tissue across to another, usually across a virtual space such as the peritoneal cavity. adhesion formation post surgery typically occurs when 2 injured surfaces are close to one another. this often cause inflammation and cause fibrin deposition onto the damage tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a hernia

A

Defect in fascia - protrusion of bowel into sac. Males are more likely than females. Most common is the indirect (50%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Progression of the Hernia?

A

Entrapment, Incarceration, Strangulation ( Blood supply to the part of the bowel is blocked) and Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the risk factors of hernia

A 
Chronic Cough
Pregnancy 
Constipation 
Obesity
Ascites 
Straining 
Hernia repair 
Heavy lifting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the features of Hernia

A

Bulging with the patients coughs, sits ups and goes away when the patient is upon or when reduces
REMEMBER MD’s don’t lie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Volvulus? What is the most common area

A

Rotation of a segment of bowel about its mesenteric axis.

Sigmoid Colon due to the shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is intussusception

A

Part of bowel folds into another section of bowel ( telescoping) Mostly seen in the Kids: M>F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the complications of Intussusception

A

Obstruction, infarction and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the clues of intussusception

A

Sausage shaped Palpable mass

Rectal Bleeding

Kids Crises and draws knees up to chest

DONUT!!!!! or Target sign!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a major of Intussusception

A

There may be HSP or Henoch-Scholein Purpura. This is mainly in kids that follows an upper respiratory infection. there may be vasculitis, purport on buttock and legs, along with abdominal pain and Arthritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is colonic Pseudo-Obstruction and what are the types

A

Symptoms similar to intestinal blockage but no physical signs of blockage.

Paralytic ileus and Ogilvie’s syndrome

21
Q

What is paralytic ileus?

A

Temporary paralysis of myeneteic plexus. tends to occur in postoperative surgeries and medications

22
Q

What is ogilivie syndrome

A

Acute pseudo obstruction. tends to happen in bedridden patients that have a serious extra intestinal illness like trauma, infection and cardiac

23
Q

What is ischemic bowel disease

A

is a medical condition in which injury of the small intestine occurs due to not enough blood happens in the splenic flexure or the watershed region

24
Q

What are the causes of ischemic bowel disease

A 
Clots 
Atrial Fibrillations 
DVT 
Cardiac Vegetation 
Malignancy 
Low Perfusion/ Hemorrhage 
CHF
Shock 
Dehydration 
Vasoconstriction drugs
25
Q

What are the signs of Ischemic Bowel Disease

A

Sudden severe left sided abdominal pain and bloody stools

26
Q

What is Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A

blood vessels have not completely developed. leads to bowel necrosis. That happens in premature infants

27
Q

What is the sign and symptoms Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A

Poor feeding
Abdominal distension
Bloody stools

28
Q

What is angiodysplasia

A

Vascular malformation of the gut that is present in older patients. the MCL is the cecum and ascending colon. It is the 2nd MCC of lower GI bleeding.

29
Q

What is the MCC of Angiodysplasia

A

DIVERTICULOSIS

30
Q

What is the associated angiodysplasia

A

aortic stenosis. vWF gets damaged due to high stress at the aortic valve and it leads to bleeding

31
Q

What are hemorrhoids

A

Dilated anal and perianal collateral vessels that connect the portal and naval venous system to relieve elevated venous pressure with the hemorrhoid plexus.

32
Q

What risk factors hemorrhoids

A

Constipation and straining, pregnancy, portal hypertension, obesity and heavy lifts

33
Q

What steatorrhea and what are the signs

A 
it is frothy, foul smelling stool. 
signs : 
Bloating 
Cramps 
Diarrhea
Flatulence 
weigh loss
34
Q

What are the causes of Steatorrhea

A

CF
Celiac disease
Crohn disease

35
Q

What is Meconium ileus

A

the inability to pass the first feces meconium. is a sign of cystic fibrosis

36
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of meconium ileus

A

Hirschsprung disease

37
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease

A

it is the failure of neural crest cells to migrate and pass the meconium

38
Q

What is a good clue for Meconium ileus

A

CLUE: child comes in with a history of multiple respiratory infection - CF

39
Q

What is celiac disease

A

Celiac sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy. immune mediate enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containgn cereals ( wheat, rye or barley) in genetical predisposed people.

40
Q

What are the stats on Celiac disease

A

Caucasian
associated with outer autoimmune disease
HLD-DQ2 and 8
Females more than males

41
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Celiac disease

A

Gluten digested by luminal & brush order enzymes into amino acid Gliadin
Gliadin is De-aminated by tissue transglutaminase (tTG)
It then interacts with HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8
Cytokines and anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti- gliadin & anti-endomysial antibodies produced
CD8+ cells produce IL-15 that triggers intra-epithelial lymphocytes
These lymphocytes become toxic and damage the epithelium

42
Q

What are the manifestation of celiac disease

A 
Bloating 
cramps
diarrhea 
gas 
weigh loss 
fatigue 
Bone - osteoporosis 
CNS - depression 
Skin - dermatitis Herpriormis
43
Q

What is a complication of celiac disease

A

Cancer - t-ccell lymphoma

44
Q

What is whipple disease

A

infection that is caused by trophermy Whippelli

45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of whipple disease

A

PAS-positive macrophages in lamina propria

Block lymphatics & reabsorption of chylomicrons

46
Q

What are the manifestation of Whipple disease

A 
Fever
Steatorrhea
Polyarthritis
Lymphadenopathy
Increase skin pigmentation
47
Q

What is lactose deficiency

A

Lactase are located in the apical brush border membrane of the villous absorptive epithelial cells

48
Q

What are the types lactose deficiency

A

Rare; Autosomal recessive

Acquired
Native Americans, African Americans, Chinese

Clues to diagnosis – symptoms resolve after stopping milk & milk products

Path 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions