Small Animal Exotic Diseases Flashcards
what causes ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis
rickettsia ticks
what are the species of ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis
E. canis = monocytic ehrlichiosis
A. phagocytophilia = granulocytic ehrlichiosis
A. platys = thrombocytic ehrlichiosis
what are the acute clinical signs
Non-specific signs
- Pyrexia
- Lymphadenopathy
Petechiation, epistaxis
Pale mucous membranes
what are the acute clinical signs acute granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosis)
lameness
joint swelling
what are the chronic clinical signs of ehrlichiosis
pancytopenias
- Non-regenerative anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Leucopenia
Hyperglobulinemia
how is ehrlichiosis diagnosed
Hematology
Direct observation
- Buffy coat smears
- Lymph node, hepatic, splenic aspirates
SNAP test
Serology
PCR
how is ehrlichiosis treated
tetracyclines
- doxycyclines
Prednisolone
- low doses for short periods
what causes babesiosis
b canis var vogeli
b canis var canis
what are the tick vectors of babesiosis
dermacentor reticularis
rhipicephalus sanguineus
what are the acute clinical signs of babesiosis
Acute disease of variable severity
Non-specific signs
- Lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia
Hemolytic anemia
- Pale mucous membranes
- Jaundice, bilirubinuria
- Hepatosplenomegaly
Shock, DIC, death
how is babesiosis diagnosed
Hematology
- Regernative anemia
Blood smear examination
- Peripheral vein sampling
- Erythrocytes
- Just below buffy coat
Coombs test positive
- May auto agglutinate
Serology
PCR
how is babesiosis treated
blood transfusions
imidocarb
- pain, hepatotoxic
Prednisolone
- low doses for short periods
Treat Ehrlichia as well
- even if not present on blood smear
what causes borreliosis
borrelia spp
borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto = main cause of lyme disease
how is lyme disease spread
ixodes spp of ticks
mice and deer are main hosts
what are the main signs of lyme disease in dogs
fever of unknown origin
shifting lameness
lymphadenopathy
renal failure (rare)
general malaise
- anorexia
- mild weight loss
- depression
