Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 20: Global Vet Med > Feline Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are feline infections

A

Feline panleukopenia virus

Feline leukemia virus

Feline immunodeficiency virus

Feline calicivirus

Feline herpesvirus

Feline infectious peritonitis virus

Feline cowpox virus

Astroviruses

Rotaviruses

Pseudorabies virus

Rabies virus

Microsporum, trichophyton

Giardia lamblia

Toxoplasma gondii

Aspergillus

Bordetella bronchoseptica

Chlamydophila felis

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium avium complex

Salmonella spp

Clostridium tetani

Mycoplasma haemofelis

Nocardia

EF-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are cats prone to infections?

A

Cats are sociable animals

  • Groups are small and stable

Mutlicat households are main problem

  • Very high density of animals

No specific immunological defect

  • The viruses that cats get are hard to treat and control

Most infected cats co-exist with their viruses

  • Only a few suffer from serious disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

A

parvovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the tropism of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

A

rapidly dividing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the clincal syndromes of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in fetus <21d, fetus >21d, young kittens, older kittens/cats

A

Fetus (<21d)

  • Abortion

Fetus (>21d)

  • Cerebellar hypoplasia

Young kittens

  • Sudden death

Older kittens/cats

  • Intestinal disease (FIE)
  • Severe panleukopenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the clinical signs of feline infectious enteritis

A

Fever

Inappetance

Anorexia

Vomiting

Severe watery diarrhea in later stages

Secondary bacterial infection important in determining severity of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the mortality rate of feline infectious enteritis

A

25-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are ddx for feline infectious enteritis

A

Foreign body

Profuse vomiting and inappetance

Salmonellosis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is feline infectious enteritis diagnosed

A

Clinical signs, history, hematology

Viral isolation

  • Feces, oropharyngeal swab
  • PCR, canine parvovirus detection kits, EM

Serology

  • Acute and convalescent

Pathology

  • Fairly characteristic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is feline infectious enteritis treated

A

Nursing

  • Warmth, rest, cleanliness, palatable food

IV fluids

Anti-emetics

  • SC maropitant, IV metoclopramide

IV antibiotics

  • Septicemia due to breakdown of intestinal wall —> death

Interferon?

ISOLATION!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is feline infectious enteritis controlled

A

Vaccination is very effective

Farm cats, ferrel cats can be very common

In outbreaks

  • Strict hygiene is essential
  • Vaccination of all in-contact cats
  • Premises contaminated for 1 year afterwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes the cat ‘flu’

A

Feline calicivirus

Feline herpesvirus

Bordetella bronchoseptica

Chlamydophila felis

+/- mycoplasma

+/- secondary infections

Feline coronavirus?

Cowpox?

Reovirus?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how long does cat flu usually last

A

1-2 weeks duration

rarely fatal but residual damage can be a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does feline herpes virus (FHV) cause

A

URT disease and ocular signs

conjunctivitis

ulcerative keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the possibilities after infection with FHV

A

After acute infection only 20% of these cats will truly recover

80% will go to a carrier state

All of these the virus will become latent

In the latent state the virus is not being shed and you cannot detect the virus

If the cat becomes stressed then the virus can be reactivated and virus shedding occurs

May or may not show signs with reactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are herpatic ulcers of eyes treated in FHV

A

Topical interferons

Anti-virals

  • Aciclovir 5x day
  • Famciclovir

Lysine

Lubrication

  • Almost no tear production by lacrimal gland

Secondary infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do herpatic ulcers of eye occur

A

Invades the trigeminal ganglion and causes a herpatic ulcer which may lead to perforation of the globe and loss of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does feline calicivirus (FCV) cause

A

URT disease

other syndromes

  • Oral ulceration
  • Viral arthritis
  • Gingivitis/stomatitis
    • May be chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the epizootilogy of feline calicivirus (FCV)

A

Carrier animals producing the virus and not showing clinical signs

No latent state

Carrier state may lead to transient or persistent shedding of the virus

Depends on the environment the cat is in about how much shedding goes on

Difficult to control because of these reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does severe infection of FCV cause

A

systemic signs

  • Pyrexia
  • Jaundice
  • Dermatological
  • Facial edema
  • Often fatal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how are FHV and FCV diagnosed

A

clinical signs are not reliable for ddx

specific diagnosis important for control but not for treatment

Oropharyngeal swabs

FHV only after reactivation

22
Q

how is the cat flu treated

A

Nursing

  • Warmth
  • Rest
  • Clean nose
  • Tempting food

Fluids

Antibiotics

Secondary infections

ISOLATE

23
Q

what does chlamydophila felis cause

A

conjunctivitis +/- mild rhinitis

24
Q

how is chlamydophila felis treated

A

Tetracyclines for at least 2 weeks after signs have resolved

  • Doxycycline?

Parenterally in severe cases

25
Q

how is chlamydophila felis diagnosed

A

isolation

serology

26
Q

what does feline coronavirus cause

A

feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

all naturally occuring FCoV can cause FIP

most infections are benign

mild diarrhea 2-3 days

predminantly in kittens

27
Q

what virus causes feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

A

feline coronavirus

28
Q

can FCoV mutate in the host

A

yes

important role in FIP

29
Q

how long is the virus excreted for in feline coronavirus

A

excreted for some weeks prior to development of clinical signs

some cats become carriers

30
Q

how are cats infected with feline coronavirus

A

cats normally infected when kittens by other cats

particularly kittens from other litters

also non-parental adults

31
Q

what are the differences between feline enteric and systemic disease

A

enteric disease = ‘FCoV enteritis’

systemic disease = ‘FIP’

32
Q

what is the enteric disease of feline coronavirus

A

mild enteritis

virus may still circulate in blood

33
Q

what does the systemic disease of feline infectious peritonitis cause

A

FCoV infected monocytes disseminate infection

immune mediated vasculitis

complement fixation

pyogranuloma formation

vascular damage – protein leakage

34
Q

what are the theories of FIP pathogenesis

A

Cell-mediated immune (CMI)

35
Q

what are the two forms of FIP

A

wet (effusive)

dry (non-effusive)

36
Q

how is FIP diagnosed

A

The only definitive way to diagnose FIP is by immunohistopathological examination of a biopsy specimen

Presence of virus

  • Serology
  • RT-PCR

Systemic inflammation:

  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry and acute phase protein (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, AGP)

History

  • Age
  • Multi-cat household
  • Stress

Clinical signs

Fluid analysis

37
Q

what are the clinical signs of wet FIP

A

effusive lesions

peritoneal – ascites

pleural – dsypnea

38
Q

what are the clinical signs of dry FIP

A

granulomatous lesions

neuro signs

  • ataxia
  • paresis
  • nystagmus
39
Q

what are the signs of chronic FIP

A

liver and kidney dysfunction

  • jaundice, PU/PD

ocular lesions

  • iritis, retinitis
40
Q

what are clinical signs for both wet and dry FIP

A

pyrexia

weight loss

depression

any age but generally <2 and occasionally >11

may have signs of both syndromes

41
Q

what can be seen on clinical pathology with FIP

A

Hyperglobulinemia

lymphopenia

Neutrophilia

Anemia

42
Q

how can acute phase proteins be used to diagnose FIP

A

Elevated levels of a1-acid glycoprotein can help diagnose FIP

>1.5

Serum or effusion AGP

43
Q

what are common ddx of FIP

A

Liver disease

  • Cholangiohepatitis
  • Lymphocytic cholangitis

Neurological disease

  • FIV infection
  • Lymphosarcoma
  • FSE

Kidney disease

  • Renal lymphosarcoma

Peritoneal/pleural disease

  • Thoracic masses
  • Lymphosarcoma
  • Bacterial peritonitis
44
Q

how are FCoV serology results interpreted

A

Negative

  • Probably not FIP

Moderate titres (<320)

  • Non-diagnostic
  • Consider biopsy of lesions
  • Most cases of DRY FIP have moderate titres

High titres (>640)

  • Possible FIP
  • Must have clinical signs consistent with FIP
45
Q

how is FIP treated

A

Generally prognosis is hopeless

  • Some cases improve for awhile
  • Very rare to recover

If disease is in early stages can try

  • Prednisolone
  • Interferon
  • Antibiotics
  • Good nursing
  • Remsdesivir
46
Q

how can Remsdesivir help treat FIP

A

Broad spectrum anti-RNA viruses

Minimum 12 week course of daily SC injections

Expect treatment to work within first week

If not reconsider diagnosis

Monitor

Biochemistry as dose dependent renal and hepatic toxic

Hematology for evidence of benefit

47
Q

how if FIP controlled

A

Vaccination can make disease worse

Either

  • Eliminate all coronaviruses by serology

OR

  • Separate infected cats and tolerate occasional outbreaks
48
Q

how efficacious is the FCoV and when is it recommended

A

One available in USA

  • Intranasal
  • Primucell FIP

Efficacy?

Antibody mediated enhancement?

Not widely recommended

49
Q

what do feline mycobacterial infections cause

A

tuberculosis group:

  • respiratory TB
  • m. microti and m. microti-like
    • cutaneous granulomas

lepromatous group:

  • m. lepraemurium “feline leprosy”

Mycobacterium avium complex etc

atypical mycobacterial infections

50
Q

what does feline cowpox cause

A

skin lesions on head and neck

51
Q

how is feline cowpox treated

A

Usually self limiting

  • Can become generalized in FIV positive cats
  • Antibiotics to treat secondary infections
  • Avoid steroids
    • Can make much worse! Need to be sure its cowpox
52
Q

is feline cowpox zoonotic

A

yes

Module 20: Global Vet Med (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions