Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 20: Global Vet Med > Equine Temperate Diseases > Flashcards

Equine Temperate Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

is equine viral arteritis notifiable

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is equine viral arteritis associated with

A

resp disease

abortion

perinatal mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is equine viral arteritis characterized by

A

panvasculitits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the main source of equine viral arteritis

A

semen

resp secretions

fetus/placenta/amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the incubation period of equine viral arteritis

A

3-14d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the do the severity of clinical signs of EVA depend on

A

EVA isolate

Immune status

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the principle syndromes of EVA

A

Respiratory disease (‘mild influenza’)

Pyrexia and mild nasal discharge

Conjunctivitis (‘pink eye’), rhinitis

Limb/scrotal/mammary/ventral/peri-orbital edema

Abortion in up to 50% infected mares

Neonatal mortality (respiratory distress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the reservoir for infections in EVA and how

A

carrier stallions

continuous viral replication in epithelium of accessory sex gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is EVA transmitted to mares via carrier stallions

A

Natural breeding

AI (virus survives freezing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does EVA effect fertility of mares and stallions

A

no long term effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is EVA diagnosed

A

Clinical signs

History

Seroconversion

Virus isolation/detection

Detection of carrier stallions:

  • Serology
  • Virus detection/isolation
  • Test breeding seronegative mares

Hard evaluation co-ordinated by APHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is EVA prevented and controlled

A

Establish disease status of breeding stock

  • Serology of all horses prior to breeding use
  • Virus detection/isolation

Breed to seronegative stallions

Vaccination

  • Stallions and teasers
  • Record in passport

Test prior to import/export

Isolate new arrivals (21 days)

Under EU law importation of shedder stallions or semen is NOT permitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is equine infectious anemia (EIA) also known as

A

swamp fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the agent that causes equine infectious anemia

A

lentivirus (Retrovirus)

integrates genetic material into the host genome which allows viral replication and persistence for lfie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do animals become asymptomatic carriers of EIAV

A

viral replication associated with viral mutations

heterogenous population and antigenic variation

aids immune avoidance and persistence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is EIAV notifiable

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is EIAV transmitted

A

Biting flies (mechanical vector)

Iatrogenic

Transplacental

Colostral, venereal

Needles, stomach tubes, etc (veterinarians)

Frozen plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is the highest risk for EIAV

A

when infected blood is from horse/donkey/mule with acute clinical disease

Greatest risk when vector density high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

can subclinical EIAV carriers spread it

A

no unlikely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the acute clinical signs of EIAV

A

Pyrexia

Petechiation

Limb adema

Inappetance

Hemolysis and severe anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is chronic presentation of EIAV

A

Cyclical lethargy

Weight loss

Anemia

Chronic debilitating disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the incubation period of EIAV

A

1-3 weeks to months (14-42d)

23
Q

are EIAV chronic carriers asymptomatic or symptomatic

A

relatively symptom free

24
Q

how does EIAV cause hemolysis

A

Immune mediated and non-immune mediated

  • Not always present, but seen in debilitated
25
what is the evidence of hemolysis in EIAV
icterus and high bilirubin positive coombs results
26
what is the clinicopathology of EIAV
hemolysis concurrent thrombocytopenia lymphocytosis, monocytosis
27
how is EIAV diagnosed
**Serological tests:** * Most horses seroconvert within 45 days * Positive on Coggins test (AGID) * Incubation of up to 157d reported in Ireland outbreak **EIA ELISA more sensitive and rapid to complete**
28
what is the infectious agent of african horse sickness
orbivirus 9 serotypes
29
is african horse sickness notifiable
yes OIE list A
30
where is african horse sickness endemic
sub-saharan africa
31
what is the vector of african horse sickness
culicoides
32
what is the pathogenesis of african horse sickness
infection --\> regional lymph nodes --\> primary viremia --\> target organs --\> secondary viremia causes microvascular endothelial cell injury infection and activation of monocyte -- macrophages (pulmonary intravascular macrophages) capillary leakage, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation, DIC
33
what are the clinical signs of african horse sickness in the incubation period
5-7d (2-10d) fever anorexia edema hemorrhage sudden death
34
what is the mortality of acute 'dunkop' pulmonary form of african horse sickness
\>95%
35
what is the mortality of the subacute 'dikkop' cardiac form
50%
36
what does the dunkop pulmonary form of african horse sickness cause
peracute respiratory distress and death pulmonary edema
37
what does the cardiac form of african horse sickness (dikkop) cause
supraorbital edema and head swelling
38
how is african horse sickness diagnosed
clinical signs/PM virus isolation serology real time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) (whole blood or tissue sample)
39
what is the risk of AHSV to the UK
potential culicoides vector in UK and ROI unlikely to become resident unless climate change into through international horse movement or wind-borne spread of vector
40
what would be the likely sequelae of a AHSV outbreak in the UK
Interaction of AHVLA with local bodies * EU notification with trade restrictions Restricted to insect proof stabling at outbreak site * Vector control Immediate slaughter of infected cases 20km control zone around outbreak Surrounded by 100km protection zone Testing programme and vector surveillance New vaccine development may promote ring vaccination if multiple cases
41
how is AHSV prevented
Prevent/minimize exposure to vector, using multiple techniques Vaccination programme Risk of reversion to wild type in use of attenuated vaccines, with infection of susceptible individuals; generic recombination Recombinant modified Vaccinia Ankara virus expressing different viral proteins has been developed; may offer better prospect in non-endemic regions
42
how could AHSV exposure to the vector be prevented/minimized
Stabling at peak times of midge activity Vector proof stabling and traps at entrance to stables Repellents, midge proof sheets
43
what is the vaccination protocol of AHSV
Live attenuated polyvalent vaccine strains depends on multiple doses, such that animals may become immune to all strains only by age of 4 years Monovalent vaccines used in disease outbreak situations when strain is isolated
44
what is the agent that causes dourine
trypanosoma brucei equiperdum
45
is dourine notifiable
yes
46
how is dourine transmitted
venereal tranissmion possible biting fly spread
47
how is dourine diagnosed
complement fixation test (CFT) and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT)
48
what are the clinical signs of dourine
swelling of urogenital tract abortion infertility wasting ataxia
49
how is dourine treated and controlled
No effective treatment reported Culling of infected animals in countries where this is notifiable Infection makes breeding programmes very difficult in countries where there is no screening No vaccine available Cross-reaction of all lab rests between this trypanosome and those spread by tsetse fly and other biting flies
50
what are the clinical signs of equine trypanosomoniasis
Weight loss Inappetence Pyrexia Progressive anemia Variable edema Metabolic acidosis Collapse Peripheral parasitemia **Hindlimb UMN signs first (8/8)** * Weakness, truncal sway * Low head carriage * Some with F/L proprioceptive lesions * Occasional urogenital swelling * Later stages changes in mentation * Progressive weakness, collapse * Inability to rise
51
what causes the chronic progression of multifocal neurological signs in equine trypanosomoniasis
infiltration of blood-brain barrier with all subspecies of T brucei
52
how is equine trypanosomoniasis treated
Isometamidium is treatment of choice Low therapeutic index Routine health screening for PCV/TSP and parasite burden required throughout the year Prophylactic intervention
53
how is equine trypanosomosis controlled
Minimize exposure to biting flies, including tsetse flies Local repellents
54
how is the UK equine industry protected from infectious diseases
**Veterinary vigilance for unusual field clinical cases key** * Prompt reporting and isolation * Dourine, EIA, EVA, WNV, AHSV **Particular care with imported horses, those travelling on 10day health certificate and those moving from within EU** **Increased vigilance for incorrect/absent passports** **Vaccination could be considered for WNV in at risk horses** **Continuous updating and attention to disease outbreak status** **Recognition that early detection and testing massively beneficial in reducing spread** **Continued monitoring** * Sentinel birds (WNV) * Resident Culicoides species (AHSV) * Endemic tick population (Piroplasmosis)

Module 20: Global Vet Med (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions