Sleep + Arousal Flashcards
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وبه نستعين
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Define sleep and mention its importance
Physiological spontantuous unconsiuconess from which person can be aroused by stimuli
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Restoration of Physiologicla and biological preocess CMTI Cognition Caloric Metabilic thermal imune
Learning and memory
Neuronal plastisty maturation connections
Describe NREM sleep
Called Slow sleep or non rapid eye movement sleep
__spt cewd vital magi–
Spt:
Stages :
Very light sleep Theta
Light sleep : Theta + Sleep spindles (large alpha 12-14Hz)+ K complex large and slow
Moderate : Delta 3-3.5
Deep Delta .5-1.5 Hz
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CEWD
Eyes: deviate up miosed
Walking and talking present
Dreams and penile erection absent
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Vitals : HR - RR - ABP decreased 10-30 % due to ? Parasymp
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Musle tone decreased
Arousal threshold decreased
Growth Hormone Inc
Imprtance : physical rest
Describe REM stage
Paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep
___SPT cewd vital magi-
Stages : Rapid low voltage irregular desynchronized B waves with mental acitvity
Percentage: 25% but 80% in premature 50in neoneate 20 in old age
Time : in bouts 5-30 minutes
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Eye: rapid eye movements
Walking and talking: absent
Dreams and penile erection found presnet
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vitals: HR -RR-ABP increased irregular
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Muscle tone decreasd markedly exept finger +toes + legs
Arousal Threshold is high
GH: Decreased
Imp : Mental rest
Describe REM stage
Paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep
___SPT cewd vital magi-
Stages : Rapid low voltage irregular desynchronized B waves with mental acitvity
Percentage: 25% but 80% in premature 50in neoneate 20 in old age
Time : in bouts 5-30 minutes
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Eye: rapid eye movements
Walking and talking: absent
Dreams and penile erection found presnet
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vitals: HR -RR-ABP increased irregular
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Muscle tone decreasd markedly exept finger +toes + legs
Arousal Threshold is high
GH: Decreased
Imp : Mental rest
Sleep distribtuon
Child 8-10 adults 6h
Statring with NREM 90 MINUTES THEN TO REM
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The cycle repeated 4-6 times:
Sleeping lightens
Decreased NREM
Decreased Stage 3,4
Increased REM
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mENTION Mechanisms of sleep
Passive
Metabolic
Active theroies
Desctribe passive theory ?
Fatigue decresing activity of RAS decreasing + feed back of cortical activation
Describe metabolic theory
Proglonged wakefulness leads to Accumulmation of SIS in brainstem and CSF
Inhibiting RAS
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SLeep inducing substance may be?
1-Lipid
2-Muramyl peptide in CSF and Urine of sleep deprived animal
Illustare Active theory
SupraChiasmatic Nucleus synchronize sleep & awakefulness cycle with Dark and light cycle
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Sleep centers
NREM ABa
anterior hypothalamus
Basal Forebrain area
REM :-
RF giving direct cholinergic to Cortex
Essential for Normal ciradain rythm ?
Brainstem Nuclei
Hypothalmus
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Sleep /awaefkulness norma cirdian rythm 6-8h/16-18 h
Orexin define
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Substance secretd by hypothalmic suprachiasmatic nucleus and is responsible for awakefulness by activating brainsem nuclei to secrets wakefullness substance but responsible for Switching between awaefulness and sleep in cyce
Neurochemical basis of Sleep and arousal
Arousal : Posterior hypothalamus & RAS
NE + Histamine +Serotonin
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Sleep : Anterior hypothalamus + Basal forebrain areas
Ach + GABA
Wakefulness neruochemical basis
Increasing NE From locus cerulues
Serotinin from RMN
Histamine from posterior hypotahlamus
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decreasing Ach from upper brainstem RF
decreasing GABA from preoptic Nucelus
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NREM Neurochemical basis
Balance between
NE OF Locus cerulues
Sertonin of RMN
AND
Ach of upper brainstem RF
GABA OF preotpic nucelus
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decreasing Ach
neurochemical of REM
Increasing Ach from Upper brainstem RF
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Decrasing NE of locus cerelus
serotinin of RMN
