Memory

Question 1

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
______________________
Physiological calss of memory

Answer 1

Explicit decelrative non reflexive
Implicit Reflexive non declerative

Question 2

Consciusss recall of inforamtion ?

Answer 2

EXplicit
Decelrative
non reflexive
classified to ?
Semantic and episodic

Question 3

Define semantic memeory

Answer 3

Explicit deceltative non reflexive
_______________________________
For General facts words language and rules
in Anterior and lateral temporal lobe cortex

Question 4

Define episodic memory

Answer 4

Explicit decelrative non reflexive memory
_____________________________
for personal experinces and events
______________________________
MHN
Meidal tempral lobe
Hippocampus
neocortex

Question 5

Subconsicuss recall of inforamtion ?

Answer 5

Implicit reflexice nodeceltative memory

Question 6

Mention types of Implicit memory

Answer 6

Priming perceptul for remebring words and objevts by neocortex
_______________________
Procedural for habits and skills by startium of basal ganglia and cerebellum
_____________________________________
Assoicative learning : For classical and operant conditioning by Amygdala for emtions + cerebellum
_____________________________________Non Associative learning : for
Habituation and sensitization by reflexes
PA2HS

Question 7

Compare between STM &LTM IN
Lasting and time of storage

Answer 7

Lasting
STM for seconds to hours
LTM for days to years
______________________________
Time of storage:
STM immediately after getting the infroamtion
LTM : Later for proten synthesis + increarsed by rehersal

Question 8

Compare between STM &LTM IN
Rembeing - forgetting - capacity

Answer 8

Remebring L:
STM : Rapid while LTM slow
__________________-
Forgetting STM : Permenatn except if converted to LTM which forgetting is Transient with stable memoeries
______________________________-
The capacity of STM is limited while LTM Very large? unlimitedx

Question 9

Compare between STM &LTM IN site of storage

Answer 9

STM : encded in hippocampus and stored in frontal lobe !
LTM : neocortex

Question 10

Compare between STM &LTM IN MECHANISM

Answer 10

STM : tranisnet change in the pre and post synaptic neruson with increased NTs and repsones of post synaptic to them
_____________________________-
LTM permenant structural and functional change in the synapse
increased presymaptic terminals so increasd synapes and area of transmisson
Increaed dendriteid with modification
Increased Tranmsission with prtotein synthesis

Question 11

How to Convert STM to LTM
name the process

Answer 11

consolidation
this is by structueal and functional changes in the synapse by
Attraction
Reherasal ]
mental rest
quiet sleep
mrqa

Question 12

Factors increasing COnsolidation

Answer 12

Attractive
Rehersal
Mental rest
Quiet sleep

Question 13

Factors decreasing Consolidation

Answer 13

AMBE
Anastheis
Mental fatigue
Brain concussion
Electricshock therapy

Question 14

Working memory definition ?

Answer 14

STM keeping infromation available for some time
integrated in prefrontal associaton cortex

Question 15

Amydala and memory show relation

Answer 15

Amydala responsible for processing and remebring the emotional component of memory
___________________________________
The memoris with Great emotion have great chance to be remebered !

Question 16

The ability to change the function of synapse for demand?

Answer 16

Synaptic plasticity
increasing or decrasing the synpatic transmisson

Question 17

Synaptic plasticity for short and long periods

Answer 17

short called potentiaion and inhivition
Long called facilitation and depression

Question 18

Mention examples of the synaoptic plasticiy

Answer 18

Habituation
snenstization
Post tentaic facilitaion
long term poternation
long term depression

Question 19

Describe post tetanic facilitation

Answer 19

Stimulation of presynpatic neruon by raoid tetanizing stmiults causing continuaton of transmisson even after removal of stimuls for 60 seconds due to accumulation of ca releasing and accumulating NTs in the synpatic cleft casuing persistant transmisson for 60 sec

Question 20

The base of LTM is ?

Answer 20

Long term potentiation

Question 21

describe long term potentiation

Answer 21

Repated rapid brief stimulation of presynaptic neuron for enhancement of transimmison in postsynaptic neuron
the NT is glutamtre
the postsynaptic receptor is NMDA
there is increased intracellular Ca in pre and post synpatic neurons in pre for increasing NTs release in post for increasing the receptors
Strucutral changes and connections between pre and post
with protein synthesis

Question 22

Cerebellar learning depeds on ?

Answer 22

Long term depressioj

Question 23

Prolonged slow low freqeuncy stimulation of presynaptic neruon casuing decreasd synpatic transmoission strength

Answer 23

Longterm depression

Question 24

Mechanism of long term depression

Answer 24

Small increased intracellular
postsynaptic ca internalizing NMDA receptors

Question 25

Partial or comelet loss of memory ?

Answer 25

amneisa

Question 26

Inability to form new LTM

Answer 26

aNTEROOOOO grade amenisa

Question 27

Mention casues of anterograde amnesisa

Answer 27

Old age
Atherosclerosis
Lesion in hippocampus
medial tempral lobe

Question 27

Mention casues of anterograde amnesisa

Answer 27

Old age
Atherosclerosis
Lesion in hippocampus
medial tempral lobe
It is ALM

Question 27

Inability to recall recent memoris that occurs befor head injury or trauma

Answer 27

retrograde amenisa

Question 28

Mention causes of retrograde amenisa
?

Answer 28

Anastheisa AmBE
Brain concussion
Electricshock thearpy

Question 29

Global amensia?

Answer 29

inability to from new memories
or recall recent or Remote memories
due to extensive brain damage

Question 30

in alzhemir there is loss of
?

Answer 30

Episodic recent memories and cognitive brain functions
____________________
due to loss of neurons synapses and Neurotrasmitters

Question 31

الحمدلله رب العالمين

Question 32

الحمدلله رب العالمين