sleep Apnoea and neuromuscular respiratory disease

Question 1

what is sleep apnoea syndrome

Answer 1

recurrent upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep

Question 2

define hypopnea

Answer 2

reduction of airflow

Question 3

what is microarousals

Answer 3

partial awakening from sleep

Question 4

what is the epworth questionnaire

Answer 4

questionnaire on sleep

Question 5

what does an oximetry test show

Answer 5

oxygen saturation drops

Question 6

what is a polysomnography

Answer 6

shows ECG recording overnight

Question 7

what is treatment for sleep apnoea

Answer 7

identify exacerbating factors

continuous positive airways pressure CPAP

Question 8

what does CPAP do

Answer 8

creates positive pressure in throat to keep tissues apart

Question 9

what is cataplexy

Answer 9

strong emotion or laughter causes a person to suffer sudden physical collapse though remaining conscious.

Question 10

what are hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 10

visual or sensory events that are usually breif and occur at the transition from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness

Question 11

what is the treatment for narcolepsy

Answer 11

modafinil
clomipramine for cataplexy
sodium oxybate (xyrem)

Question 12

what are the stats for chronic ventilatory failure

Answer 12

elevated pCO2

pO2

Question 13

if a patient has chronic ventilatory failure will their blood pH be normal

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

why is there elevated bicarbonate levels in patients that have chronic ventilatory failure

Answer 14

as the body trys to adapt by releasing bicarbonate from the kidneys

Question 15

what is a thoracoplasy

Answer 15

operation used for TB take away ribs

Question 16

is TB a viral or bacterial infectin

Answer 16

bacterial

Question 17

what are symptoms of chronic ventilatory failure

Answer 17

breathlessness
orthopnoea
ankle swelling
morning headache
recurrent chest infections
disturbed sleep

Question 18

define orthopnoea

Answer 18

breathless lying flat

Question 19

why do patients with chronic ventilatory failure commonly get headaches in the morning

Answer 19

may be result of CO2 retention overnight. (co2 is a vasodilator,lead to cerebral dilatation which gives headaches)

Question 20

why is it dangerous to give some patients with chronic ventilatory failure oxygen

Answer 20

switches off ventilatory drive and makes things worse

Question 21

how long will a new born typically sleep in a day

Answer 21

16-18h

Question 22

how long will an infant at 6 months typically sleep

Answer 22

14-15h with 1/2 naps during the day

Question 23

how long will a 2 year old typically sleep

Answer 23

12h with 1 daytime nap

Question 24

who has more lymphoid tissue children or adults

Answer 24

children

Question 25

how can you asses a child’s sleep

Answer 25

direct behavioral observation
time lapse video
movement sensors in bed
o2/co2 monitoring

Question 26

what is a polysomnography

Answer 26

records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.

Question 27

what does enuresis mean

Answer 27

involuntary urination especially at night

Question 28

when does napping and enuresis become abnormal in children

Answer 28

after 3-5 years old

Question 29

is it normal for a 1 year old to sleep 8 h at night and not nap

Answer 29

not normal

Question 30

how is sleep effected in cerebral palsy

Answer 30

fragmented sleep

delayed onset

Question 31

how is sleep effected in Downs syndrome

Answer 31

OSAS occurs

Question 32

how is sleep effected in Prader Willi syndrome

Answer 32

excessive daytime sleepiness