Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Narcolepsy Flashcards
what is obstructive sleep apnoea
Recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep
what may a patient tell you that would suggest they might have OSA
have heavy snoring
experience unrefreshing sleep
sleep during the day
poor daytime concentration
what is the pathophysiology of OSA
can happen due to muscle relaxation, obesity or if the pharynx becomes narrow.
this can lead to repeated closure of the airway during sleep and apnoea
what health conditions can OSA lead to
associated with hypertension
increased risk of stroke
increased risk of heart disease
what is the prevalence of OSA in men and women
2% of men
1% of women
how is OSA diagnosed
history and examination
Epworth questionnaire
overnight sleep study
what does an overnight sleep study consist of
pulse oximetry
full polysomnography
what does oximetry measure
indirectly monitors the oxygen saturation of a patient’s blood
what is a polysomnography
a sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders
what does a polysomnography record
brain waves oxygen saturation of blood body position heart rate and breathing eye and leg movement
what value is considered sever on the apnoea hypopnea index
higher than 30
what lifestyle factors could be changed to improve symptoms of OSA
weight reduction in obese individuals
avoidance of alcohol
stop smoking
what medical treatment is available for OSA
CPAP
mandibular repositioning splint
what is the prevalence of narcolepsy in the population
0.05% of the population
what age group does narcolepsy typically effect
10y-30y
what are the main features of narcolepsy
irresistible daytime sleepiness
cataplexy- (muscle weakness in response to amusement or emotion)
hypnagogic hallucinations
sleep paralysis
what is usually the cause of Narcolepsy
its familial
what is the treatment for Narcolepsy
Modafinil- daytime sleepiness
sodium Oxybate- for cataplexy
what level is pCO2 in chronic ventilatory failure
higher than 6 kPa
what level is pO2 in chronic ventilatory failure
less than 8 kPa
what could be elevated in the blood in chronic ventilatory failure apart from CO2
elevated bicarbonate
what are typical symptoms of chronic ventilatory failure
Breathlessness recurrent chest infections ankle swelling morning headache disturbed sleep orthopnea