Non-lung cancer thoracic surgery Flashcards
what is a septic embolism
infected blood clot
what is the definition of a empyema
pus in the pleural cavity
what can be indicative of an abscess
high temperature
what can lead to an empyema
an abscess that bursts/spreads or following surgery.
bacterial infection
what is the most common cause of an empyema
bacterial infection
what is a pleurectomy
Pleurectomy is a type of surgery in which part of the pleura is removed. This procedure helps to prevent fluid from collecting in the affected area and is used for the treatment of mesothelioma, a pleural mesothelial cancer.
what is decortication
Decortication is a medical procedure involving the surgical removal of the surface layer, membrane, or fibrous cover of an organ. The procedure is usually performed when the lung is covered by a thick, inelastic pleural peel restricting lung expansion.
Trapped lung is due to fibrous visceral pleural thickening from a chronic inflammatory process that prevents lung reexpansion. The noncompliant lung separates from the parietal pleura, and this space fills with fluid, with resultant hydropneumothorax. Drainage of the pleural fluid leads to pneumothorax ex vacuo because the lung cannot reexpand to fill the chest cavity. Once other causes of pneumothorax ex vacuo, such as endobronchial obstruction, are excluded, the management of trapped lung is surgical, with removal of the fibrosed visceral pleura to allow for the expansion of the underlying lung
Trapped lung is due to fibrous visceral pleural thickening from a chronic inflammatory process that prevents lung reexpansion. The noncompliant lung separates from the parietal pleura, and this space fills with fluid, with resultant hydropneumothorax. Drainage of the pleural fluid leads to pneumothorax ex vacuo because the lung cannot reexpand to fill the chest cavity. Once other causes of pneumothorax ex vacuo, such as endobronchial obstruction, are excluded, the management of trapped lung is surgical, with removal of the fibrosed visceral pleura to allow for the expansion of the underlying lung
what is a thymoma
a rare, usually benign tumour arising from thymus tissue
what is a Thymolipoma
Thymolipoma is a rare, benign anterior mediastinal mass of thymic origin, containing both thymic and mature adipose tissue
what is a thymic carcinoma
malignant tumour of the thymus gland, cells look different from the normal cells of the thymus grow quickly and can spread
what are carcinoma tumours
tumours are a type of neuroendocrine tumour that can occur in a number of locations. Carcinoid tumours arise from endocrine amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells that can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract as well as other organs (e.g. lung). In general they are slow growing tumours but are nevertheless capable of metastasis.
what tracheal tumours can occur in a patient
salivary gland tumours
squamous carcinoma
what are the types of benign lung tumours (6)
Hamartoma Fibroma Lipoma Neural tumours Papillomas Chondroma
what is the definition of a hamartoma
a tumour forms at an organ/tissue with cells from that organ or tissue (usually born with a hamartoma )
what is a teratoma
teratoma can be considered in contrast to a hamartoma, a tumour forms at an organ/tissue contain cells that are not usually found at that organ/tissue
carcinoid tumours are malignant however sometimes they are classed as benign why
as they are usually associated with a good prognosis
what is a papilloma of the lung
benign lung tumor is called a papilloma. It grows in the bronchial tubes, sticking out from the surface area where it is attached
what is a pulmonary chondroma
Pulmonary chondromas are rare, benign cartilaginous tumours of the lungs, and form part of the Carney triad although they can also arise sporadically.
what is the Carney triad
The Carney triad (not to be confused with the Carney complex) is a rare syndrome defined by the coexistence of three tumours:
what is an open pneumothorax
where part of the chest wall has been ripped off and the lung is exposed to the outer atmosphere
what is a tension pneumothorax
occurs when intrapleural air accumulates progressively in such a way as to exert positive pressure on mediastinal and intrathoracic structures
what is a primary pneumothorax
A primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a pneumothorax that occurs without a precipitating event in a person
what is a secondary pneumothorax
A secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is defined as a pneumothorax that occurs as a complication of underlying lung disease
